The paper
What’s next for interoception and addiction?
Davin R. Peart & Jennifer E. Murray · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 189 (2026) 106875
The body can become part of the cue.
When contingent drug delivery functions as a reinforcer, its internally sensed effects may also serve as learned stimuli: a conditioned stimulus, a discriminative stimulus or an occasion setter. That distinction connects candidate vagal and insular signaling with prediction, craving, internal-state modulation of learning and a new class of treatment questions.