# Final Curated Bibliography

## When Love Narrows the Future / כשהאהבה מצמצמת את המחר

**Evidence cutoff:** 22 September 2026  
**Final deduplicated core set:** **110 sources**

This alphabetical bibliography contains exactly the same core set as the companion evidence register. Sources were deduplicated primarily by DOI, then by PMID and normalized author–year–title. Online-first and issue-publication dates are shown together where needed; DOI links point to the canonical or publisher-resolving identifier.

## Core references (110)

1. Ançel, G., & Kabakçi, E. (2009). Psychometric properties of the Turkish form of Codependency Assessment Tool. *Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 23*(6), 441–453. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2008.10.004](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2008.10.004). PMID 19926026. [Abstract only]

2. Anderson, S. C. (1994). A critical analysis of the concept of codependency. *Social Work, 39*(6), 677–685. [https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/39.6.677](https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/39.6.677). PMID 7992137. [Abstract only]

3. Archer, M., Harwood, H., Stevelink, S., Rafferty, L., & Greenberg, N. (2020). Community reinforcement and family training and rates of treatment entry: A systematic review. *Addiction, 115*(6), 1024–1037. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.14901

4. Ariss, T., & Fairbairn, C. E. (2020). The effect of significant-other involvement in treatment for substance use disorders: A meta-analysis. *Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 88*(6), 526–540. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000495

5. Aubé, J. (2008). Balancing concern for other with concern for self: Links between unmitigated communion, communion, and psychological well-being. *Journal of Personality, 76*(1), 101–134. [doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2007.00481.x](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2007.00481.x); PMID 18186712.

6. Bacon, I., McKay, E., Reynolds, F., & McIntyre, A. (2020). The lived experience of codependency: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. *International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 18*(3), 754–771. [https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-018-9983-8](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-018-9983-8). [Full text]

7. Bertelsen, T. B., Himle, J. A., & Håland, Å. T. (2023). Bidirectional relationship between family accommodation and youth anxiety during cognitive-behavioral treatment. *Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 54*(3), 905–912. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-021-01304-5 (PMID: 34997892; PMCID: PMC10140011).

8. Boeding, S. E., Paprocki, C. M., Baucom, D. H., Abramowitz, J. S., Wheaton, M. G., Fabricant, L. E., & Fischer, M. S. (2013). Let me check that for you: Symptom accommodation in romantic partners of adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder. *Behaviour Research and Therapy, 51*(6), 316–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2013.03.002 (PMID: 23567474).

9. Bolger, N., & Amarel, D. (2007). Effects of social support visibility on adjustment to stress: Experimental evidence. *Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92*(3), 458–475. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.3.458 (PMID: 17352603).

10. Bolger, N., Zuckerman, A., & Kessler, R. C. (2000). Invisible support and adjustment to stress. *Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79*(6), 953–961. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.79.6.953 (PMID: 11138764).

11. Bornstein, R. F., Geiselman, K. J., Eisenhart, E. A., & Languirand, M. A. (2002). Construct validity of the Relationship Profile Test: Links with attachment, identity, relatedness, and affect. *Assessment, 9*(4), 373–381. [doi:10.1177/1073191102238195](https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191102238195); PMID 12462757.

12. Brinberg, M., Solomon, D. H., Bodie, G. D., Jones, S. M., & Ram, N. (2025). Using state space grids to quantify and examine dynamics of dyadic conversation. *Communication Methods and Measures, 19*(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/19312458.2024.2413973

13. Bringmann, L. F., Ferrer, E., Hamaker, E. L., Borsboom, D., & Tuerlinckx, F. (2018). Modeling nonstationary emotion dynamics in dyads using a time-varying vector-autoregressive model. *Multivariate Behavioral Research, 53*(3), 293–314. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2018.1439722

14. Butler, E. A. (2011). Temporal interpersonal emotion systems: The “TIES” that form relationships. *Personality and Social Psychology Review, 15*(4), 367–393. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868311411164

15. Butler, E. A., & Randall, A. K. (2013). Emotional coregulation in close relationships. *Emotion Review, 5*(2), 202–210. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073912451630

16. Butler, E. A., Hollenstein, T., Shoham, V., & Rohrbaugh, M. J. (2014). A dynamic state-space analysis of interpersonal emotion regulation in couples who smoke. *Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 31*(7), 907–927. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407513508732

17. Calatrava, M., Martins, M. V., Schweer-Collins, M., Duch-Ceballos, C., & Rodríguez-González, M. (2022). Differentiation of self: A scoping review of Bowen Family Systems Theory’s core construct. *Clinical Psychology Review, 91*, 102101. [doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102101](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102101); PMID 34823190.

18. Calvocoressi, L., Mazure, C. M., Kasl, S. V., Skolnick, J., Fisk, D., Vegso, S. J., Van Noppen, B. L., & Price, L. H. (1999). Family accommodation of obsessive-compulsive symptoms: Instrument development and assessment of family behavior. *The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 187*(10), 636–642. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199910000-00008 (PMID: 10535658).

19. Causier, C., & Salkovskis, P. M. (2025). Fighting OCD together: An experimental study of the effectiveness and acceptability of seeking and receiving emotional support for OCD. *Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 86*, 101987. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101987 (PMID: 39232282).

20. Cermak, T. L. (1986). Diagnostic criteria for codependency. *Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 18*(1), 15–20. [https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.1986.10524475](https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.1986.10524475). PMID 3701499. [Abstract/verified secondary full-text reconstruction of criteria]

21. Chirkov, V. I., Ryan, R. M., Kim, Y., & Kaplan, U. (2003). Differentiating autonomy from individualism and independence: A self-determination theory perspective on internalization of cultural orientations and well-being. *Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84*(1), 97–110. [doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.1.97](https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.1.97); PMID 12518973.

22. Cross, S. E., Bacon, P. L., & Morris, M. L. (2000). The relational-interdependent self-construal and relationships. *Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78*(4), 791–808. [doi:10.1037/0022-3514.78.4.791](https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.78.4.791); PMID 10794381.

23. Cullen, J., & Carr, A. (1999). Codependency: An empirical study from a systemic perspective. *Contemporary Family Therapy, 21*(4), 505–526. [https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021627205565](https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021627205565). [Full text]

24. Dear, G. E. (2002). The Holyoake Codependency Index: Further evidence of factorial validity. *Drug and Alcohol Review, 21*(1), 47–52. [https://doi.org/10.1080/09595230220119354](https://doi.org/10.1080/09595230220119354). PMID 12189004. [Abstract only]

25. Dear, G. E., & Roberts, C. M. (2000). The Holyoake Codependency Index: Investigation of the factor structure and psychometric properties. *Psychological Reports, 87*(3), 991–1002. [https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2000.87.3.991](https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2000.87.3.991). PMID 11191419. [Abstract only]

26. Dear, G. E., & Roberts, C. M. (2005). Validation of the Holyoake Codependency Index. *The Journal of Psychology, 139*(4), 293–314. [https://doi.org/10.3200/JRLP.139.4.293-314](https://doi.org/10.3200/JRLP.139.4.293-314). PMID 16097271. [Abstract only]

27. Dear, G. E., Roberts, C. M., & Lange, L. (2004). Defining codependency: A thematic analysis of published definitions. In S. P. Shohov (Ed.), *Advances in Psychology Research* (Vol. 34, pp. 189–205). Nova Science Publishers. Institutional record: [https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ecuworks/7153/](https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ecuworks/7153/). [Institutional abstract]

28. DiGiovanni, A. M., Peters, B. J., Tudder, A., Gresham, A. M., & Bolger, N. (2024). Physiological synchrony in supportive discussions: An examination of co-rumination, relationship type, and heterogeneity. *Psychophysiology, 61*(7), e14554. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.14554

29. Dishion, T. J., Forgatch, M., Van Ryzin, M. J., & Winter, C. (2012). The nonlinear dynamics of family problem solving in adolescence: The predictive validity of a peaceful resolution attractor. *Nonlinear Dynamics, Psychology, and Life Sciences, 16*(3), 331–352. PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22695152/ ; full text: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3547648/

30. Feeney, B. C. (2004). A secure base: Responsive support of goal strivings and exploration in adult intimate relationships. *Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87*(5), 631–648. [https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.87.5.631](https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.87.5.631). PMID: [15535776](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15535776/)

31. Feeney, B. C. (2007). The dependency paradox in close relationships: Accepting dependence promotes independence. *Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92*(2), 268–285. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.2.268 (PMID: 17279849).

32. Feeney, B. C., & Collins, N. L. (2001). Predictors of caregiving in adult intimate relationships: An attachment theoretical perspective. *Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80*(6), 972–994. [https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.80.6.972](https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.80.6.972). PMID: [11414378](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11414378/)

33. Feeney, B. C., & Collins, N. L. (2003). Motivations for caregiving in adult intimate relationships: Influences on caregiving behavior and relationship functioning. *Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29*(8), 950–968. [doi:10.1177/0146167203252807](https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167203252807); PMID 15189615.

34. Feeney, B. C., & Thrush, R. L. (2010). Relationship influences on exploration in adulthood: The characteristics and function of a secure base. *Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98*(1), 57–76. [https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016961](https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016961). PMID: [20053031](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20053031/); PMCID: [PMC2805473](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2805473/)

35. Feeney, J. A. (1996). Attachment, caregiving, and marital satisfaction. *Personal Relationships, 3*(4), 401–416. [doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.1996.tb00124.x](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.1996.tb00124.x).

36. Fischer, J. L., Spann, L., & Crawford, D. (1991). Measuring codependency. *Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 8*(1), 87–100. [https://doi.org/10.1300/J020V08N01_06](https://doi.org/10.1300/J020V08N01_06). [Full text visually inspected]

37. Fuller, J. A., & Warner, R. M. (2000). Family stressors as predictors of codependency. *Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 126*(1), 5–22. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10713899/](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10713899/). PMID 10713899; no DOI located. [Abstract only]

38. Gleason, M. E. J., Iida, M., Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2008). Receiving support as a mixed blessing: Evidence for dual effects of support on psychological outcomes. *Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94*(5), 824–838. [https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.94.5.824](https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.94.5.824). PMCID: [PMC3898885](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3898885/)

39. Gotham, H. J., & Sher, K. J. (1996). Do codependent traits involve more than basic dimensions of personality and psychopathology? *Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 57*(1), 34–39. [https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.1996.57.34](https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.1996.57.34). PMID 8747499. [Abstract only]

40. Granic, I., & Lamey, A. V. (2002). Combining dynamic systems and multivariate analyses to compare the mother-child interactions of externalizing subtypes. *Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 30*(3), 265–283. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015106913866

41. Granic, I., O'Hara, A., Pepler, D., & Lewis, M. D. (2007). A dynamic systems analysis of parent-child changes associated with successful “real-world” interventions for aggressive children. *Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 35*, 845–857. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-007-9133-4

42. Grumi, S., Pettenati, G., Manfredini, V., & Provenzi, L. (2022). Flexibility and organization in parent-child interaction through the lens of the dynamic system approach: A systematic review of State Space Grid studies. *Infant Behavior and Development, 67*, 101722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2022.101722

43. Haaken, J. (1990). A critical analysis of the co-dependence construct. *Psychiatry, 53*(4), 396–406. [https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.1990.11024522](https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.1990.11024522). PMID 2263680. [Full text]

44. Halldorsson, B., Salkovskis, P. M., Kobori, O., & Pagdin, R. (2016). “I do not know what else to do”: Caregivers' perspective on reassurance seeking in obsessive-compulsive disorder. *Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 8*, 21–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2015.11.003.

45. Hands, M., & Dear, G. E. (1994). Co-dependency: A critical review. *Drug and Alcohol Review, 13*(4), 437–445. [https://doi.org/10.1080/09595239400185571](https://doi.org/10.1080/09595239400185571). PMID 16818359. [Full text]

46. Hawkins, J., Salmon, A., Fernando, S., Battle, C., Esau, S., Snyder, D., & Sikora, M. (2026). “I don’t know what we should have done differently”: A qualitative study on the dilemmas of “tough love” and toxic drugs in British Columbia, Canada. *Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 33*(2), 156–165. Advance online publication 2 May 2025. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2025.2493140

47. Helgeson, V. S., Swanson, J., Ra, O., Randall, H., & Zhao, Y. (2015). Links between unmitigated communion, interpersonal behaviors and well-being: A daily diary approach. *Journal of Research in Personality, 57*, 53–60. [doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2014.12.007](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2014.12.007).

48. Helm, J. L., Sbarra, D. A., & Ferrer, E. (2014). Coregulation of respiratory sinus arrhythmia in adult romantic partners. *Emotion, 14*(3), 522–531. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035960

49. Hermida-Barros, L., Primé-Tous, M., García-Delgar, B., Forcadell, E., Lera-Miguel, S., Fernández de la Cruz, L., Vieta, E., Radua, J., Lázaro, L., & Fullana, M. A. (2024). Family accommodation in obsessive-compulsive disorder: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. *Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 161*, 105678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105678 (PMID: 38621516).

50. Hollenstein, T. (2007). State space grids: Analyzing dynamics across development. *International Journal of Behavioral Development, 31*(4), 384–396. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025407077765

51. Hollenstein, T., Granic, I., Stoolmiller, M., & Snyder, J. (2004). Rigidity in parent-child interactions and the development of externalizing and internalizing behavior in early childhood. *Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 32*(6), 595–607. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JACP.0000047209.37650.41

52. Horváth, Z., & Urbán, R. (2019). Testing the stress–strain–coping–support (SSCS) model among family members of an alcohol misusing relative: The mediating effect of burden and tolerant-inactive coping. *Addictive Behaviors, 89*, 200–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.10.010

53. Hughes-Hammer, C., Martsolf, D. S., & Zeller, R. A. (1998). Development and testing of the Codependency Assessment Tool. *Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 12*(5), 264–272. [https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9417(98)80036-8](https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9417(98)80036-8). PMID 9793213. [Abstract only]

54. Impett, E. A., Gere, J., Kogan, A., Gordon, A. M., & Keltner, D. (2014). How sacrifice impacts the giver and the recipient: Insights from approach–avoidance motivational theory. *Journal of Personality, 82*(5), 390–401. [doi:10.1111/jopy.12070](https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12070); PMID 24007506.

55. Irwin, H. J. (1995). Codependence, narcissism, and childhood trauma. *Journal of Clinical Psychology, 51*(5), 658–665. [https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(199509)51:5%3C658::AID-JCLP2270510511%3E3.0.CO;2-N](https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(199509)51:5%3C658::AID-JCLP2270510511%3E3.0.CO;2-N). PMID 8801242. [Abstract only]

56. Jack, D. C., & Dill, D. (1992). The Silencing the Self Scale: Schemas of intimacy associated with depression in women. *Psychology of Women Quarterly, 16*(1), 97–106. [doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1992.tb00242.x](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1992.tb00242.x).

57. Jack, D. C., Brody, L. R., & Sikov, A. (2026). Advancing the next generation of research on self-silencing and depression: A narrative review and synthesis of three decades of research. *Sex Roles, 92*, Article 7. [doi:10.1007/s11199-025-01637-8](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-025-01637-8).

58. Jankowski, P. J., & Hooper, L. M. (2012). Differentiation of self: A validation study of the Bowen theory construct. *Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice, 1*(3), 226–243. [doi:10.1037/a0027469](https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027469).

59. Kelley, K. N., Caporino, N. E., & Falkenstein, M. J. (2024). Family accommodation in intensive/residential treatment for adults with OCD: A cross-lagged panel analysis. *Behavior Therapy, 55*(2), 391–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2023.07.012 (PMID: 38418048).

60. Kirby, K. C., Benishek, L. A., Kerwin, M. E., Dugosh, K. L., Carpenedo, C. M., Bresani, E., Haugh, J. A., Washio, Y., & Meyers, R. J. (2017). Analyzing components of Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT): Is treatment entry training sufficient? *Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 31*(7), 818–827. https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000306

61. Kluwer, E. S., Karremans, J. C., Riedijk, L., & Knee, C. R. (2020). Autonomy in relatedness: How need fulfillment interacts in close relationships. *Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 46*(4), 603–616. [doi:10.1177/0146167219867964](https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167219867964); PMID 31390934; PMCID PMC7057354.

62. Knee, C. R., Canevello, A., Bush, A. L., & Cook, A. (2008). Relationship-contingent self-esteem and the ups and downs of romantic relationships. *Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95*(3), 608–627. [doi:10.1037/0022-3514.95.3.608](https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.95.3.608); PMID 18729698.

63. Kobori, O., & Salkovskis, P. M. (2013). Patterns of reassurance seeking and reassurance-related behaviours in obsessive-compulsive disorder and anxiety disorders. *Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 41*(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465812000665 (PMID: 22948342).

64. Koestner, R., Powers, T. A., Carbonneau, N., Milyavskaya, M., & Chua, S. N. (2012). Distinguishing autonomous and directive forms of goal support: Their effects on goal progress, relationship quality, and subjective well-being. *Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38*(12), 1609–1620. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167212457075 (PMID: 22930370).

65. Levenson, R. W., & Gottman, J. M. (1983). Marital interaction: Physiological linkage and affective exchange. *Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45*(3), 587–597. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.45.3.587

66. Lichtwarck-Aschoff, A., Hasselman, F., Cox, R., Pepler, D., & Granic, I. (2012). A characteristic destabilization profile in parent-child interactions associated with treatment efficacy for aggressive children. *Nonlinear Dynamics, Psychology, and Life Sciences, 16*(3), 353–379. PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22695153/

67. Lindley, N. R., Giordano, P. J., & Hammer, E. D. (1999). Codependency: Predictors and psychometric issues. *Journal of Clinical Psychology, 55*(1), 59–64. [https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(199901)55:1%3C59::AID-JCLP5%3E3.0.CO;2-M](https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(199901)55:1%3C59::AID-JCLP5%3E3.0.CO;2-M). PMID 10100831. [Abstract only]

68. Liu, S., Rovine, M. J., Cousino Klein, L., & Almeida, D. M. (2013). Synchrony of diurnal cortisol pattern in couples. *Journal of Family Psychology, 27*(4), 579–588. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033735

69. Lunkenheimer, E. S., Olson, S. L., Hollenstein, T., Sameroff, A. J., & Winter, C. (2011). Dyadic flexibility and positive affect in parent-child coregulation and the development of child behavior problems. *Development and Psychopathology, 23*(2), 577–591. https://doi.org/10.1017/S095457941100006X

70. Maisel, N. C., & Gable, S. L. (2009). The paradox of received social support: The importance of responsiveness. *Psychological Science, 20*(8), 928–932. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02388.x](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02388.x). PMID: [19549083](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19549083/)

71. Manzi, C., Vignoles, V. L., Regalia, C., & Scabini, E. (2006). Cohesion and enmeshment revisited: Differentiation, identity, and well-being in two European cultures. *Journal of Marriage and Family, 68*(3), 673–689. [doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00282.x](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00282.x).

72. Marks, A. D. G., Blore, R. L., Hine, D. W., & Dear, G. E. (2012). Development and validation of a revised measure of codependency. *Australian Journal of Psychology, 64*(3), 119–127. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-9536.2011.00034.x](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-9536.2011.00034.x). [Extended abstract/publisher preview]

73. Marsac, M. L., & Alderfer, M. A. (2011). Psychometric properties of the FACES-IV in a pediatric oncology population. *Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 36*(5), 528–538. [doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsq003](https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsq003); PMID 20147435; PMCID PMC3131703.

74. Martsolf, D. S., Hughes-Hammer, C., Estok, P., & Zeller, R. A. (1999). Codependency in male and female helping professionals. *Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 13*(2), 97–103. [https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9417(99)80026-0](https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9417(99)80026-0). PMID 10222638. [Abstract only]

75. Mayo, O., Lavidor, M., & Gordon, I. (2021). Interpersonal autonomic nervous system synchrony and its association to relationship and performance—A systematic review and meta-analysis. *Physiology & Behavior, 235*, 113391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113391

76. Merkouris, S. S., Rodda, S. N., & Dowling, N. A. (2022). Affected other interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis across addictions. *Addiction, 117*(9), 2393–2414. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15825

77. Miller, W. R., Meyers, R. J., & Tonigan, J. S. (1999). Engaging the unmotivated in treatment for alcohol problems: A comparison of three strategies for intervention through family members. *Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67*(5), 688–697. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.67.5.688

78. Molina, E., Taiwo, A. O., & Grey, B. (2026). Co-dependency revisited: An integrative review of conceptualisations and mental health outcomes. *Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 33*(2), e70265. [https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.70265](https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.70265). PMID 41958380; PROSPERO CRD42024575573. [Full text]

79. Muyingo, L., Smith, M. M., Sherry, S. B., McEachern, E., Leonard, K. E., & Stewart, S. H. (2020). Relationships on the rocks: A meta-analysis of romantic partner effects on alcohol use. *Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 34*(6), 629–640. https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000578

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## Non-core historical and classification authorities

The following sources inform cultural history or diagnostic status but are not counted among the 110 scientific core references:

- Al-Anon Family Groups. Official organizational history and founding chronology (1951 onward).
- American Psychiatric Association. *Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders* (5th ed., text rev.; DSM-5-TR, 2022) and cumulative-update pages through September 2025.
- Beattie, M. (1986). *Codependent no more: How to stop controlling others and start caring for yourself*. Hazelden. Retained as a popularizing artifact, not scientific validation.
- World Health Organization. *ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics*, current browser release consulted in 2026.

These authorities establish provenance, cultural influence, and absence of codependency from current major diagnostic systems; they do not establish the validity of a unitary codependency construct or any causal relational mechanism.