[ { "id": "IMH-001", "title": "Samuel — Private versus public psychotherapy in Israel", "year": "2023", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Conference abstract" ], "population": [ "Psychotherapy sector" ], "statistics": [ "Highlights limited knowledge and examines sector differences." ], "limitations": [ "Abstract only; insufficient for national causal claims." ], "confidence": [ "Low" ], "url": "https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article/33/Supplement_2/ckad160.1597/7328413", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "private-care-and-household-cost" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Direct national evidence on private psychotherapy supply and clinician-hour flows remains thin.", "population": "Psychotherapy sector", "methodology": "Conference abstract", "statistic": "Highlights limited knowledge and examines sector differences.", "limitations": "Abstract only; insufficient for national causal claims.", "confidence": "Low", "originId": "S18" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-002", "title": "Mental health services: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Australia", "methodology": [ "National administrative-data synthesis" ], "population": [ "Australian mental-health services and workforce" ], "statistics": [ "For 2023/24 reports A$14.5 billion spending; for 2024 about 28,300 mental-health nurses, 36,900 psychologists and 4,500 psychiatrists; publishes PREMs and outcome measures." ], "limitations": [ "Counts do not equal full-time public clinical capacity; classifications and update years differ." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://aihw.gov.au/mental-health/overview/mental-health-services", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "workforce", "governance-and-measurement", "international-benchmarking" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "A mature national dashboard can connect spending, facilities, workforce, service contacts, patient experience, outcomes and restrictive practices.", "population": "Australian mental-health services and workforce", "methodology": "National administrative-data synthesis", "statistic": "For 2023/24 reports A$14.5 billion spending; for 2024 about 28,300 mental-health nurses, 36,900 psychologists and 4,500 psychiatrists; publishes PREMs and outcome measures.", "limitations": "Counts do not equal full-time public clinical capacity; classifications and update years differ.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "R19" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-003", "title": "National Mental Health Service Planning Framework", "year": "2025", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Australia", "methodology": [ "Evidence- and expert-informed population needs planning model" ], "population": [ "Australian national, state and regional service planners" ], "statistics": [ "Interactive framework estimates expected demand and service mix for a specified population." ], "limitations": [ "Model outputs depend on prevalence, efficiency and normative service assumptions; it is not proof that funded services were delivered." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://aihw.gov.au/nmhspf", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "funding", "international-benchmarking" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Needs-based service planning can estimate the level and mix of services required for a defined population rather than extrapolate from historical budgets.", "population": "Australian national, state and regional service planners", "methodology": "Evidence- and expert-informed population needs planning model", "statistic": "Interactive framework estimates expected demand and service mix for a specified population.", "limitations": "Model outputs depend on prevalence, efficiency and normative service assumptions; it is not proof that funded services were delivered.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "R20" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-004", "title": "Bank of Israel Annual Report 2025, Chapter 7: Welfare Issues – Mental Healthcare System", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Central-bank policy analysis drawing on official budgets, surveys and research" ], "population": [ "Israeli population, workforce and mental-health system" ], "statistics": [ "Reports an annual NIS 1.4 billion national programme; notes long waits, below-comparator wages, lengthy training (about 12 years psychiatry, 10 psychology, 6–8 clinical social work) and private care's shorter waits/high costs." ], "limitations": [ "Published in 2026 using mixed-year data; some outcomes of the 2024 programme are not yet observable." ], "confidence": [ "High for official allocations; Moderate for projected effects" ], "url": "https://boi.org.il/en/communication-and-publications/regular-publications/bank-of-israel-annual-report/bank-of-israel-annual-report-2025-1", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "funding", "workforce", "waiting-and-access", "private-care-and-household-cost", "governance-and-measurement" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Israel's 2024 national plan is a significant recurrent funding response, yet trained-workforce constraints mean execution and capacity outcomes must be tracked separately from allocation.", "population": "Israeli population, workforce and mental-health system", "methodology": "Central-bank policy analysis drawing on official budgets, surveys and research", "statistic": "Reports an annual NIS 1.4 billion national programme; notes long waits, below-comparator wages, lengthy training (about 12 years psychiatry, 10 psychology, 6–8 clinical social work) and private care's shorter waits/high costs.", "limitations": "Published in 2026 using mixed-year data; some outcomes of the 2024 programme are not yet observable.", "confidence": "High for official allocations; Moderate for projected effects", "originId": "R73" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-005", "title": "Bank of Israel Annual Report 2025 — Welfare Issues", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Policy and labour-agreement review", "Administrative income comparison", "Central-bank evidence synthesis using budget and administrative sources", "Secondary analysis of OECD indicators", "Synthesis of State Comptroller survey" ], "population": [ "Psychologists in public service", "Israeli master’s-degree holders ages 35–50 in 2022", "National public mental-health system", "Practising psychiatrists in OECD countries", "Adults seeking mental-health treatment in 2024 survey" ], "statistics": [ "Approximately NIS 900 million in 2024 and another NIS 500 million in 2025 were described as completing the annual addition.", "Agreement raises pay by up to about 40% in phases from January 2025 to April 2027; full annual cost about NIS 350 million, including NIS 100 million from the mental-health programme.", "Median monthly full-time income: occupational therapy NIS 12,805; social work NIS 13,080; psychology NIS 14,258; physicians NIS 45,904.", "Israel approximately 0.17 psychiatrists per 1,000 residents versus OECD average approximately 0.21 in 2023.", "42% reported using private care and 38% health funds among treatment-seekers." ], "limitations": [ "Still does not establish service-level execution or attributable outcomes.", "Maximum increase is not universal; retention and hours effects require follow-up.", "All-sector earnings, not matched public/private clinical pay; occupations differ in education and hours.", "International reporting rules and practising-versus-licensed definitions vary.", "Survey-based; categories may overlap and do not measure clinician-hour migration." ], "confidence": [ "High for agreement; Low for impact", "High", "Moderate-High", "Moderate" ], "url": "https://boi.org.il/media/orhpl3um/chap-7e-2025.pdf", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "funding", "workforce", "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "private-care-and-household-cost", "governance-and-measurement", "international-benchmarking", "digital-mental-health" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "The NIS 1.4 billion programme was phased rather than fully available in its first year.", "population": "National public mental-health system", "methodology": "Central-bank evidence synthesis using budget and administrative sources", "statistic": "Approximately NIS 900 million in 2024 and another NIS 500 million in 2025 were described as completing the annual addition.", "limitations": "Still does not establish service-level execution or attributable outcomes.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S07" }, { "claim": "A new public-sector psychologist pay agreement may improve retention, but its effect is not yet observable.", "population": "Psychologists in public service", "methodology": "Policy and labour-agreement review", "statistic": "Agreement raises pay by up to about 40% in phases from January 2025 to April 2027; full annual cost about NIS 350 million, including NIS 100 million from the mental-health programme.", "limitations": "Maximum increase is not universal; retention and hours effects require follow-up.", "confidence": "High for agreement; Low for impact", "originId": "S07" }, { "claim": "Mental-health professions have materially lower median earnings than medicine, supporting but not proving a retention mechanism.", "population": "Israeli master’s-degree holders ages 35–50 in 2022", "methodology": "Administrative income comparison", "statistic": "Median monthly full-time income: occupational therapy NIS 12,805; social work NIS 13,080; psychology NIS 14,258; physicians NIS 45,904.", "limitations": "All-sector earnings, not matched public/private clinical pay; occupations differ in education and hours.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S07" }, { "claim": "Israel’s psychiatrist supply was below the OECD mean in the cited 2023 comparison.", "population": "Practising psychiatrists in OECD countries", "methodology": "Secondary analysis of OECD indicators", "statistic": "Israel approximately 0.17 psychiatrists per 1,000 residents versus OECD average approximately 0.21 in 2023.", "limitations": "International reporting rules and practising-versus-licensed definitions vary.", "confidence": "Moderate-High", "originId": "S07" }, { "claim": "Private care absorbed a substantial share of treatment-seekers during the post-October shock.", "population": "Adults seeking mental-health treatment in 2024 survey", "methodology": "Synthesis of State Comptroller survey", "statistic": "42% reported using private care and 38% health funds among treatment-seekers.", "limitations": "Survey-based; categories may overlap and do not measure clinician-hour migration.", "confidence": "Moderate", "originId": "S07" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-006", "title": "Public perceptions and use of mental-health services before the insurance reform", "year": "2017 (2013 survey)", "tier": "Tier 2", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "National survey" ], "population": [ "Israeli adults who used or considered mental-health services" ], "statistics": [ "Among those seeing a principal professional, 23% reported same/next day, 47% 3-4 days, 23% a week to a month and 7% more than a month" ], "limitations": [ "Pre-reform and not current; conditions and service routes mixed; successful users only, so not a queue estimate." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate" ], "url": "https://brookdale-web.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/2017/09/English_summary_749-17.pdf", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "waiting-and-access", "international-benchmarking", "reform-and-health-economics" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Historical patient reports show that measured waits among people who successfully obtained care omit rejected, abandoned and never-initiated referrals.", "population": "Israeli adults who used or considered mental-health services", "methodology": "National survey", "statistic": "Among those seeing a principal professional, 23% reported same/next day, 47% 3-4 days, 23% a week to a month and 7% more than a month", "limitations": "Pre-reform and not current; conditions and service routes mixed; successful users only, so not a queue estimate.", "confidence": "Moderate", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-007", "title": "Work Practices and Attitudes of Mental Health Professionals Three Years after the Launch of the Insurance Reform", "year": "2020", "tier": "Tier 2", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "National cross-sectional survey compared with a 2012 survey", "Representative professional surveys", "Cross-sectional survey with comparison questions" ], "population": [ "Representative samples of 996 psychiatrists, 866 psychologists and 421 public-framework social workers; 54% response", "996 psychiatrists, 866 psychologists and 421 mental-health social workers surveyed in 2018", "Psychiatrists, psychologists and mental-health social workers" ], "statistics": [ "Health plans had opened clinics and become a principal public-sector income source; respondents reported workload and difficulty providing desired quality.", "Several measured work-pattern shifts were modest despite strong perceptions of strain.", "Psychologists primarily in public sector fell 42% to 36%; own private clinic as primary workplace rose 51% to 61%; public-primary psychologists working half-time or less rose 58% to 71%." ], "limitations": [ "Self-report and 2018 snapshot; headcounts cannot be converted to current public clinical hours.", "No pre/post panel for every outcome; preserves negative evidence against a simplistic collapse narrative.", "2018 data; repeated cross-sections, self-report and no causal attribution to reform or pay." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate-High", "Moderate" ], "url": "https://brookdale-web.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/2020/09/Eng_Summary_823-20_updated.pdf", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "workforce", "post-7-october", "private-care-and-household-cost", "reform-and-health-economics" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Post-reform workforce surveys counted substantial numbers of professionals but not their public-sector FTE.", "population": "996 psychiatrists, 866 psychologists and 421 mental-health social workers surveyed in 2018", "methodology": "Representative professional surveys", "statistic": "Health plans had opened clinics and become a principal public-sector income source; respondents reported workload and difficulty providing desired quality.", "limitations": "Self-report and 2018 snapshot; headcounts cannot be converted to current public clinical hours.", "confidence": "Moderate-High", "originId": "S13" }, { "claim": "Perceived post-reform change was larger than some measured changes in work patterns.", "population": "Psychiatrists, psychologists and mental-health social workers", "methodology": "Cross-sectional survey with comparison questions", "statistic": "Several measured work-pattern shifts were modest despite strong perceptions of strain.", "limitations": "No pre/post panel for every outcome; preserves negative evidence against a simplistic collapse narrative.", "confidence": "Moderate", "originId": "S13" }, { "claim": "Israeli psychologists' work shifted toward private practice between 2012 and 2018 while public workloads and coordination problems persisted.", "population": "Representative samples of 996 psychiatrists, 866 psychologists and 421 public-framework social workers; 54% response", "methodology": "National cross-sectional survey compared with a 2012 survey", "statistic": "Psychologists primarily in public sector fell 42% to 36%; own private clinic as primary workplace rose 51% to 61%; public-primary psychologists working half-time or less rose 58% to 71%.", "limitations": "2018 data; repeated cross-sections, self-report and no causal attribution to reform or pay.", "confidence": "Moderate-High", "originId": "R71" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-008", "title": "Myers-JDC-Brookdale — Psychotherapy Patients Five Years after Reform", "year": "2023", "tier": "Tier 2", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Patient study" ], "population": [ "Israeli psychotherapy patients" ], "statistics": [ "Study documents differing public/private patient profiles and use pathways after the reform." ], "limitations": [ "Summary does not constitute a full market census or causal estimate of clinician migration." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate" ], "url": "https://brookdale-web.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/files/Eng_Summary_RR-924-23.pdf", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "private-care-and-household-cost", "reform-and-health-economics" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Five years after reform, psychotherapy was delivered through both public and private routes.", "population": "Israeli psychotherapy patients", "methodology": "Patient study", "statistic": "Study documents differing public/private patient profiles and use pathways after the reform.", "limitations": "Summary does not constitute a full market census or causal estimate of clinician migration.", "confidence": "Moderate", "originId": "S14" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-009", "title": "Addiction risk among Israeli adults", "year": "2025 (2024 survey)", "tier": "Tier 2", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "National online survey using ASSIST risk screening" ], "population": [ "2,401 Jewish and 524 Arab adults aged 18-70" ], "statistics": [ "Any-substance risk: 29.1% Jewish, 27.4% Arab; high risk: 3.8% and 7.7%; alcohol, cannabis and sedative risks were prominent" ], "limitations": [ "ASSIST risk is not diagnosis; online coverage and self-report; group age/selection differences; injection item based on small counts." ], "confidence": [ "High-moderate" ], "url": "https://brookdale.jdc.org.il/en/publication/addiction-risk-among-israeli-adults", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "equity-and-geography", "demand-and-epidemiology", "digital-mental-health" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "A national addiction-risk survey found high screen-positive risk but did not measure diagnosed substance-use disorder.", "population": "2,401 Jewish and 524 Arab adults aged 18-70", "methodology": "National online survey using ASSIST risk screening", "statistic": "Any-substance risk: 29.1% Jewish, 27.4% Arab; high risk: 3.8% and 7.7%; alcohol, cannabis and sedative risks were prominent", "limitations": "ASSIST risk is not diagnosis; online coverage and self-report; group age/selection differences; injection item based on small counts.", "confidence": "High-moderate", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-010", "title": "How did the mental-health insurance reform affect financial hardship imposed on Israeli households?", "year": "2026 (household expenditure data 2008-2022)", "tier": "Tier 2", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Difference-in-differences using rehabilitation/development spending as comparison" ], "population": [ "Israeli households in national expenditure surveys" ], "statistics": [ "Households with mental-health spending rose 2.2% to 2.9% versus 1.6% to 1.8% in comparator; average annual spending among spenders rose NIS 7,800 to 9,000 but DID did not distinguish this from comparator" ], "limitations": [ "Spending categories and self-report; data end 2022; comparator assumptions; spending can reflect improved access and/or burden." ], "confidence": [ "High-moderate" ], "url": "https://brookdale.jdc.org.il/en/publication/how-did-the-mental-health-insurance-reform-affect-the-financial-hardship-imposed-on-israeli-households", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "funding", "community-and-rehabilitation", "private-care-and-household-cost", "reform-and-health-economics" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "The insurance reform increased the share of households reporting mental-health spending from 2.2% to 2.9%, while causal evidence that it changed average spending among spenders was inconclusive.", "population": "Israeli households in national expenditure surveys", "methodology": "Difference-in-differences using rehabilitation/development spending as comparison", "statistic": "Households with mental-health spending rose 2.2% to 2.9% versus 1.6% to 1.8% in comparator; average annual spending among spenders rose NIS 7,800 to 9,000 but DID did not distinguish this from comparator", "limitations": "Spending categories and self-report; data end 2022; comparator assumptions; spending can reflect improved access and/or burden.", "confidence": "High-moderate", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-011", "title": "Mental health during the Israel-Hamas war: findings from a longitudinal survey", "year": "2025", "tier": "Tier 2", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "National longitudinal survey with validated screens" ], "population": [ "Israeli adults surveyed January, May and October 2024" ], "statistics": [ "41% crossed at least one threshold in January, 32% in May and 35% in October; among January positives, substantial shares remained positive, while some initially negative respondents became positive" ], "limitations": [ "Thresholds are not diagnoses; overlapping domains; attrition and survey selection; ongoing exposure prevents a simple recovery curve." ], "confidence": [ "High-moderate" ], "url": "https://brookdale.jdc.org.il/en/publication/mental-health-during-the-israel-hamas-war", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "post-7-october", "demand-and-epidemiology" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Across three national survey waves, screen-positive anxiety/depression/PTSD declined after January 2024 but remained high and showed both persistence and new onset.", "population": "Israeli adults surveyed January, May and October 2024", "methodology": "National longitudinal survey with validated screens", "statistic": "41% crossed at least one threshold in January, 32% in May and 35% in October; among January positives, substantial shares remained positive, while some initially negative respondents became positive", "limitations": "Thresholds are not diagnoses; overlapping domains; attrition and survey selection; ongoing exposure prevents a simple recovery curve.", "confidence": "High-moderate", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-012", "title": "Myers-JDC-Brookdale — Ruth Waitzberg profile", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 2", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official institute profile" ], "population": [ "Myers-JDC-Brookdale" ], "statistics": [ "Current research appointment and field verified." ], "limitations": [ "Institute profile is not a measure of scholarly impact." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://brookdale.jdc.org.il/en/team/ruth-waitzberg", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "waiting-and-access", "digital-mental-health" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Dr Ruth Waitzberg’s current Brookdale profile identifies a health-policy research role relevant to mental-health-system analysis.", "population": "Myers-JDC-Brookdale", "methodology": "Official institute profile", "statistic": "Current research appointment and field verified.", "limitations": "Institute profile is not a measure of scholarly impact.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S68" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-013", "title": "The clinical impact of a crisis resolution home treatment team", "year": "2024", "tier": "Tier 2", "jurisdiction": "Ireland", "methodology": [ "Service evaluation" ], "population": [ "Adults referred to a crisis-resolution home-treatment team in Ireland" ], "statistics": [ "Team availability was associated with a significant reduction in inpatient admissions and favourable user outcomes." ], "limitations": [ "Non-randomised local evaluation; referral selection and concurrent system changes." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate" ], "url": "https://cambridge.org/core/journals/irish-journal-of-psychological-medicine/article/clinical-impact-of-a-crisis-resolution-home-treatment-team/F2192EE8B00FC47BD9D346A49CF6673C", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "governance-and-measurement" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Crisis-resolution home treatment can reduce admissions and improve satisfaction when implemented with adequate staffing and fidelity.", "population": "Adults referred to a crisis-resolution home-treatment team in Ireland", "methodology": "Service evaluation", "statistic": "Team availability was associated with a significant reduction in inpatient admissions and favourable user outcomes.", "limitations": "Non-randomised local evaluation; referral selection and concurrent system changes.", "confidence": "Moderate", "originId": "R49" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-014", "title": "Economic evaluations of preventive interventions for self-harm and suicide: a systematic review", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "International", "methodology": [ "Systematic review of full economic evaluations and ROI studies" ], "population": [ "69 economic evaluations of 22 prevention types" ], "statistics": [ "61 of 69 studies rated high quality; evidence generally favoured cost-effectiveness/cost saving." ], "limitations": [ "63 of 69 studies were in high-income countries; intervention and modelling heterogeneity prevents a single ROI claim." ], "confidence": [ "High for general direction; Moderate for local magnitude" ], "url": "https://cambridge.org/core/journals/psychological-medicine/article/economic-evaluations-of-preventive-interventions-for-selfharm-and-suicide-a-systematic-review/9B38B618E3F1E5AAACA9D99EE3424FED", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "funding", "demand-and-epidemiology", "reform-and-health-economics", "digital-mental-health" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Many suicide and self-harm prevention interventions appear cost-effective or cost-saving, but evidence is concentrated in high-income countries.", "population": "69 economic evaluations of 22 prevention types", "methodology": "Systematic review of full economic evaluations and ROI studies", "statistic": "61 of 69 studies rated high quality; evidence generally favoured cost-effectiveness/cost saving.", "limitations": "63 of 69 studies were in high-income countries; intervention and modelling heterogeneity prevents a single ROI claim.", "confidence": "High for general direction; Moderate for local magnitude", "originId": "R43" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-015", "title": "Telepsychiatry versus face-to-face treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials", "year": "2023", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "International", "methodology": [ "Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs" ], "population": [ "Participants in telepsychiatry RCTs across common psychiatric disorders" ], "statistics": [ "No significant difference in 27 of 29 pooled outcomes; completion broadly comparable." ], "limitations": [ "Heterogeneous diagnoses, modalities and sample sizes; evidence does not cover every high-risk assessment." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/telepsychiatry-versus-facetoface-treatment-systematic-review-and-metaanalysis-of-randomised-controlled-trials/CF163E6A0284F0CF3FA09AE06619CBE3", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "equity-and-geography", "governance-and-measurement", "digital-mental-health" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Telepsychiatry is broadly comparable to face-to-face care for many common psychiatric conditions, though disorder-specific evidence and equivalence margins vary.", "population": "Participants in telepsychiatry RCTs across common psychiatric disorders", "methodology": "Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs", "statistic": "No significant difference in 27 of 29 pooled outcomes; completion broadly comparable.", "limitations": "Heterogeneous diagnoses, modalities and sample sizes; evidence does not cover every high-risk assessment.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "R58" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-016", "title": "Council for Higher Education — Programme approval and accreditation", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official regulatory guidance" ], "population": [ "Israeli higher-education institutions and degree programmes" ], "statistics": [ "CHE role concerns authority to open programmes and award recognised academic degrees." ], "limitations": [ "Programme accreditation does not answer whether a graduate is legally licensed or specialist-recognised." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://che.org.il/%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%AA-%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%92-%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%AA/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%92%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9D-%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8-%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%97%D7%AA-%D7%AA%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93-%D7%95%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%94-%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%A7", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "post-7-october", "governance-and-measurement", "digital-mental-health" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "The Council for Higher Education accredits academic institutions and programmes; it does not directly license therapists.", "population": "Israeli higher-education institutions and degree programmes", "methodology": "Official regulatory guidance", "statistic": "CHE role concerns authority to open programmes and award recognised academic degrees.", "limitations": "Programme accreditation does not answer whether a graduate is legally licensed or specialist-recognised.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S48" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-017", "title": "Council for Higher Education — Frequently asked questions", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official FAQ" ], "population": [ "Higher-education applicants and institutions" ], "statistics": [ "Clarifies academic recognition questions." ], "limitations": [ "General FAQ; profession-specific legal rules still require regulator sources." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://che.org.il/pniot/%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%A0%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "governance-and-measurement", "digital-mental-health" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "CHE guidance reinforces that institutional and programme recognition concern higher education rather than direct professional licensure.", "population": "Higher-education applicants and institutions", "methodology": "Official FAQ", "statistic": "Clarifies academic recognition questions.", "limitations": "General FAQ; profession-specific legal rules still require regulator sources.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S49" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-018", "title": "CIHI Indicator Library: Mental health and substance use", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Canada", "methodology": [ "National administrative and survey indicator system" ], "population": [ "Canadian provincial/territorial health systems" ], "statistics": [ "Includes community counselling waits, 30-day readmission, frequent emergency use, physician follow-up and navigation indicators." ], "limitations": [ "Coverage is partial for some provinces and indicators; service definitions and denominators require scrutiny." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://cihi.ca/en/access-data-and-reports/indicator-library?health_conditions_outcomes=903", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "waiting-and-access", "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "community-and-rehabilitation", "governance-and-measurement" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "A mental-health observatory can publish wait, readmission, repeated emergency use, post-discharge follow-up, navigation and unmet-need measures by jurisdiction.", "population": "Canadian provincial/territorial health systems", "methodology": "National administrative and survey indicator system", "statistic": "Includes community counselling waits, 30-day readmission, frequent emergency use, physician follow-up and navigation indicators.", "limitations": "Coverage is partial for some provinces and indicators; service definitions and denominators require scrutiny.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "R22" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-019", "title": "Making mental health and substance use services accessible in the community", "year": "2024", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Canada", "methodology": [ "Administrative wait-time indicator" ], "population": [ "Users of scheduled publicly reported community counselling in participating Canadian jurisdictions, 2023/24" ], "statistics": [ "Median wait was 25 days or less; 1 in 10 waited 143 days or more." ], "limitations": [ "Excludes private/self-paid care and unscheduled walk-in services; incomplete jurisdictional coverage and no measure of rejected referrals." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://cihi.ca/en/taking-the-pulse-measuring-shared-priorities-for-canadian-health-care-2024/making-mental-health-and-substance-use-services-accessible-in-the-community", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "waiting-and-access", "community-and-rehabilitation", "governance-and-measurement", "international-benchmarking" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Median waiting time alone hides a long tail and people who never enter the measured queue.", "population": "Users of scheduled publicly reported community counselling in participating Canadian jurisdictions, 2023/24", "methodology": "Administrative wait-time indicator", "statistic": "Median wait was 25 days or less; 1 in 10 waited 143 days or more.", "limitations": "Excludes private/self-paid care and unscheduled walk-in services; incomplete jurisdictional coverage and no measure of rejected referrals.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "R23" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-020", "title": "Clalit psychotherapy eligibility and copayments", "year": "2026 (updated 5 April 2026)", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official health-fund benefit page" ], "population": [ "Eligible Clalit members using contracted independent therapists" ], "statistics": [ "NIS 70 first; NIS 170 subsequent individual; NIS 78 group" ], "limitations": [ "Not unrestricted private market care; requires eligibility, referral/authorization and provider availability; prices can change." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://clalit.co.il/he/myrights/mental-health/Pages/psychotherapy.aspx", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "funding" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "The current Clalit independent-provider psychotherapy route charges NIS 70 for the first visit, NIS 170 for subsequent individual visits and NIS 78 for group sessions.", "population": "Eligible Clalit members using contracted independent therapists", "methodology": "Official health-fund benefit page", "statistic": "NIS 70 first; NIS 170 subsequent individual; NIS 78 group", "limitations": "Not unrestricted private market care; requires eligibility, referral/authorization and provider availability; prices can change.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-021", "title": "Commonwealth Fund — Israel health-system profile", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 2", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Secondary health-system profile using national/OECD data" ], "population": [ "Israeli health system" ], "statistics": [ "For 2024, total health spending reported around NIS 146 billion; government 65%, out-of-pocket 19.9% and prepaid private 13.7%." ], "limitations": [ "Whole-health-system financing, not mental-health-specific and not evidence of clinician-hour migration." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate-High" ], "url": "https://commonwealthfund.org/international-health-policy-center/countries/israel", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "funding", "private-care-and-household-cost", "governance-and-measurement", "international-benchmarking" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Private financing is material in Israel’s overall health system, increasing the plausibility of unequal private escape routes.", "population": "Israeli health system", "methodology": "Secondary health-system profile using national/OECD data", "statistic": "For 2024, total health spending reported around NIS 146 billion; government 65%, out-of-pocket 19.9% and prepaid private 13.7%.", "limitations": "Whole-health-system financing, not mental-health-specific and not evidence of clinician-hour migration.", "confidence": "Moderate-High", "originId": "S75" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-022", "title": "Hebrew University — Shuli Brammli-Greenberg profile", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 2", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official university profile" ], "population": [ "Hebrew University" ], "statistics": [ "Current senior academic appointment and research field verified." ], "limitations": [ "Does not by itself establish a position on a particular reform." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://cris.huji.ac.il/en/persons/shuli-brammli-greenberg", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "waiting-and-access", "reform-and-health-economics", "digital-mental-health" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Dr Shuli Brammli-Greenberg’s current Hebrew University profile identifies expertise in health policy and health economics.", "population": "Hebrew University", "methodology": "Official university profile", "statistic": "Current senior academic appointment and research field verified.", "limitations": "Does not by itself establish a position on a particular reform.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S67" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-023", "title": "Tel Aviv University — Amir Krivoy profile", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 2", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official university profile" ], "population": [ "Tel Aviv University and Geha" ], "statistics": [ "Verifies academic affiliation and research record." ], "limitations": [ "Profile is not evidence for every policy claim in his perspective article." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://cris.tau.ac.il/en/persons/amir-krivoy", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "system-overview" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Prof. Amir Krivoy has a current Tel Aviv University academic profile in addition to his Geha directorship.", "population": "Tel Aviv University and Geha", "methodology": "Official university profile", "statistic": "Verifies academic affiliation and research record.", "limitations": "Profile is not evidence for every policy claim in his perspective article.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S69" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-024", "title": "Tel Aviv University — Doron Gothelf profile", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 2", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official university profile" ], "population": [ "Tel Aviv University Faculty of Medicine" ], "statistics": [ "Current department-chair and academic role verified." ], "limitations": [ "University title is not a ranking of clinical influence; recheck before publication." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://cris.tau.ac.il/en/persons/doron-gothelf", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "system-overview" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Prof. Doron Gothelf is a full professor and chair of Tel Aviv University’s Department of Psychiatry on the university profile checked in 2026.", "population": "Tel Aviv University Faculty of Medicine", "methodology": "Official university profile", "statistic": "Current department-chair and academic role verified.", "limitations": "University title is not a ranking of clinical influence; recheck before publication.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S65" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-025", "title": "Comparison of Early Intervention Services vs Treatment as Usual for Early-Phase Psychosis", "year": "2018", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "International", "methodology": [ "Systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of RCTs" ], "population": [ "2,176 participants across 10 randomised trials" ], "statistics": [ "Early-intervention services outperformed usual care across meta-analysable outcomes, including treatment discontinuation and hospitalisation." ], "limitations": [ "Benefits may attenuate after specialised services end; programme components and duration varied." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.3777", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "severe-mental-illness", "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "governance-and-measurement", "reform-and-health-economics" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Coordinated early psychosis services improve clinical and service outcomes during treatment compared with usual care.", "population": "2,176 participants across 10 randomised trials", "methodology": "Systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of RCTs", "statistic": "Early-intervention services outperformed usual care across meta-analysable outcomes, including treatment discontinuation and hospitalisation.", "limitations": "Benefits may attenuate after specialised services end; programme components and duration varied.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "R33" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-026", "title": "PTSD, depression, and anxiety after the 7 October 2023 attack in Israel: a nationwide prospective study", "year": "2024", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Prospective online cohort with August and November 2023 waves; validated symptom screens" ], "population": [ "Israeli adults surveyed before and shortly after 7 October" ], "statistics": [ "Direct exposure associated with odds ratio 3.15 for probable PTSD and 2.18 for probable depression in reported models" ], "limitations": [ "Probable conditions, not clinician diagnoses; internet-panel selection and attrition; short post-event interval; changing exposure during war." ], "confidence": [ "High-moderate" ], "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102418", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "post-7-october", "demand-and-epidemiology", "digital-mental-health" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Probable PTSD, depression and anxiety rose sharply shortly after 7 October compared with an August 2023 baseline, especially among directly exposed participants.", "population": "Israeli adults surveyed before and shortly after 7 October", "methodology": "Prospective online cohort with August and November 2023 waves; validated symptom screens", "statistic": "Direct exposure associated with odds ratio 3.15 for probable PTSD and 2.18 for probable depression in reported models", "limitations": "Probable conditions, not clinician diagnoses; internet-panel selection and attrition; short post-event interval; changing exposure during war.", "confidence": "High-moderate", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-027", "title": "Effectiveness of stepped care for mental health disorders: an umbrella review of meta-analyses", "year": "2024", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "International", "methodology": [ "Pre-registered umbrella review" ], "population": [ "Ten systematic reviews incorporating 38 primary studies of depression, anxiety and PTSD" ], "statistics": [ "Supports implementation particularly for pooled depression outcomes." ], "limitations": [ "Excluded non-English and non-meta-analytic reviews; primary-study overlap and heterogeneity." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate-High" ], "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmip.2024.100140", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "demand-and-epidemiology", "governance-and-measurement", "reform-and-health-economics" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Stepped care has pooled benefits, especially for depression, but it is not uniformly superior across anxiety/PTSD or all comparators.", "population": "Ten systematic reviews incorporating 38 primary studies of depression, anxiety and PTSD", "methodology": "Pre-registered umbrella review", "statistic": "Supports implementation particularly for pooled depression outcomes.", "limitations": "Excluded non-English and non-meta-analytic reviews; primary-study overlap and heterogeneity.", "confidence": "Moderate-High", "originId": "R45" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-028", "title": "Loneliness, post-traumatic stress symptoms and suicidal ideation after 7 October", "year": "2024", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Prospective cohort with validated self-report scales and moderation analysis" ], "population": [ "710 Israeli adults measured before and after 7 October" ], "statistics": [ "Loneliness significantly moderated the PTSS-suicidal-ideation association" ], "limitations": [ "Ideation is not suicide attempt or death; self-report; attrition and unmeasured confounding; short follow-up." ], "confidence": [ "High-moderate" ], "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115996", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "post-7-october", "demand-and-epidemiology" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Loneliness intensified the association between post-traumatic symptoms and suicidal ideation after 7 October; this does not establish a rise in suicide deaths.", "population": "710 Israeli adults measured before and after 7 October", "methodology": "Prospective cohort with validated self-report scales and moderation analysis", "statistic": "Loneliness significantly moderated the PTSS-suicidal-ideation association", "limitations": "Ideation is not suicide attempt or death; self-report; attrition and unmeasured confounding; short follow-up.", "confidence": "High-moderate", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-029", "title": "Scaling-up treatment of depression and anxiety: a global return on investment analysis", "year": "2016", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Global", "methodology": [ "Global investment-case modelling" ], "population": [ "36 countries across income groups, modelled 2016–2030" ], "statistics": [ "Estimated benefit-cost ratios of 2.3–3.0 from economic benefits alone and 3.3–5.7 including health value; often summarised as about US$4 return per US$1." ], "limitations": [ "Modelled, not observed; uses global treatment assumptions and monetised health/productivity values." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate-High" ], "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30024-4", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "waiting-and-access", "demand-and-epidemiology", "reform-and-health-economics" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Scaling evidence-based depression and anxiety treatment has a positive societal return, supporting prevention and access investment.", "population": "36 countries across income groups, modelled 2016–2030", "methodology": "Global investment-case modelling", "statistic": "Estimated benefit-cost ratios of 2.3–3.0 from economic benefits alone and 3.3–5.7 including health value; often summarised as about US$4 return per US$1.", "limitations": "Modelled, not observed; uses global treatment assumptions and monetised health/productivity values.", "confidence": "Moderate-High", "originId": "R31" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-030", "title": "The economic case for the prevention of mental illness", "year": "2019", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "International", "methodology": [ "Annual Review evidence synthesis" ], "population": [ "Mental-illness prevention interventions across the life course" ], "statistics": [ "Finds a strong economic case for selected early-life, workplace, suicide-prevention and early-intervention programmes." ], "limitations": [ "Evidence strength varies by programme; cross-sector benefits complicate health-budget capture." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate-High" ], "url": "https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-013629", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "demand-and-epidemiology", "reform-and-health-economics" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Prevention and early intervention can produce cross-sector returns, but savings often accrue outside the agency paying for treatment.", "population": "Mental-illness prevention interventions across the life course", "methodology": "Annual Review evidence synthesis", "statistic": "Finds a strong economic case for selected early-life, workplace, suicide-prevention and early-intervention programmes.", "limitations": "Evidence strength varies by programme; cross-sector benefits complicate health-budget capture.", "confidence": "Moderate-High", "originId": "R44" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-031", "title": "Cost-Effectiveness of Early Intervention in Psychosis", "year": "2022", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Canada", "methodology": [ "Lifetime cost-utility modelling" ], "population": [ "Canadian early psychosis population model" ], "statistics": [ "Estimated ICER about C$60,980 per QALY versus standard care." ], "limitations": [ "Model inputs and Canadian thresholds may not transfer; not necessarily budget-saving." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate" ], "url": "https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.202100161", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "funding", "severe-mental-illness", "reform-and-health-economics" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Early psychosis may add treatment cost yet remain cost-effective when lifetime health and survival gains are included.", "population": "Canadian early psychosis population model", "methodology": "Lifetime cost-utility modelling", "statistic": "Estimated ICER about C$60,980 per QALY versus standard care.", "limitations": "Model inputs and Canadian thresholds may not transfer; not necessarily budget-saving.", "confidence": "Moderate", "originId": "R35" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-032", "title": "Cultural adaptation of Illness Management and Recovery for Arab service users in Israel", "year": "2023", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Qualitative implementation study" ], "population": [ "14 mental-health practitioners working with Arab communities" ], "statistics": [ "Identified culturally and structurally relevant adaptation domains" ], "limitations": [ "Very small practitioner sample; perceptions, not comparative outcomes or prevalence." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate-low" ], "url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/13634615231167720", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "equity-and-geography" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Practitioners adapting recovery services for Arab communities identified language, literacy, stigma, family context and service scarcity as implementation constraints.", "population": "14 mental-health practitioners working with Arab communities", "methodology": "Qualitative implementation study", "statistic": "Identified culturally and structurally relevant adaptation domains", "limitations": "Very small practitioner sample; perceptions, not comparative outcomes or prevalence.", "confidence": "Moderate-low", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-033", "title": "Ethnocultural differences in psychiatric rehabilitation outcomes in Israel", "year": "2024", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Observational comparative study" ], "population": [ "Muslim-Arab and Jewish users of community psychiatric rehabilitation" ], "statistics": [ "Lower average quality-of-life/function ratings in the Arab group and geographic differences" ], "limitations": [ "Nonrandom allocation; clinical, socioeconomic and geographic confounding; measurement equivalence may differ." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate" ], "url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/13634615241250205", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "community-and-rehabilitation", "equity-and-geography", "governance-and-measurement" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Muslim-Arab and Jewish users of psychiatric rehabilitation differed in reported quality of life and functioning, but observed gaps cannot be attributed to service quality alone.", "population": "Muslim-Arab and Jewish users of community psychiatric rehabilitation", "methodology": "Observational comparative study", "statistic": "Lower average quality-of-life/function ratings in the Arab group and geographic differences", "limitations": "Nonrandom allocation; clinical, socioeconomic and geographic confounding; measurement equivalence may differ.", "confidence": "Moderate", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-034", "title": "Cost-effectiveness of a care manager collaborative care programme for patients with depression in primary care", "year": "2021", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Sweden", "methodology": [ "12-month trial-based economic evaluation" ], "population": [ "376 adults in a Swedish pragmatic cluster RCT" ], "statistics": [ "Mean QALYs 0.73 vs 0.70 and depression-free days 203 vs 155; intervention dominant societally and about €3,379 per QALY from health-care perspective." ], "limitations": [ "Small pragmatic trial; Swedish primary-care costs and care-manager role differ from Israel." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate-High" ], "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12962-021-00304-5", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "funding", "demand-and-epidemiology", "governance-and-measurement", "reform-and-health-economics" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Primary-care collaborative care can improve depression outcomes and be cost-effective from health-system and societal perspectives.", "population": "376 adults in a Swedish pragmatic cluster RCT", "methodology": "12-month trial-based economic evaluation", "statistic": "Mean QALYs 0.73 vs 0.70 and depression-free days 203 vs 155; intervention dominant societally and about €3,379 per QALY from health-care perspective.", "limitations": "Small pragmatic trial; Swedish primary-care costs and care-manager role differ from Israel.", "confidence": "Moderate-High", "originId": "R36" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-035", "title": "Help-seeking attitudes among Arab-minority adolescents in Israel", "year": "2019", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Cross-sectional school survey" ], "population": [ "Arab adolescents in Israel" ], "statistics": [ "Attitudes and preferred helpers varied with mental-health literacy, stigma and social factors" ], "limitations": [ "Intentions are not actual service use; selected schools and self-report; older prewar context." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate" ], "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s13584-019-0315-7", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "children-and-adolescents", "equity-and-geography" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Among Arab-minority adolescents, help-seeking intentions depend on source, stigma, knowledge and perceived support, making school and family pathways consequential.", "population": "Arab adolescents in Israel", "methodology": "Cross-sectional school survey", "statistic": "Attitudes and preferred helpers varied with mental-health literacy, stigma and social factors", "limitations": "Intentions are not actual service use; selected schools and self-report; older prewar context.", "confidence": "Moderate", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-036", "title": "Predicting the burden of PTSD in Israel following 7 October", "year": "2024", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Epidemiological scenario/modeling study" ], "population": [ "Israeli population exposure strata" ], "statistics": [ "Produces a range of projected PTSD cases under alternative assumptions" ], "limitations": [ "Modeled cases are not observed diagnoses; uncertain exposure counts and parameters; should not be presented as a realized queue." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate for scenarios; low for any single point estimate" ], "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s13584-024-00644-6", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "post-7-october", "demand-and-epidemiology" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Scenario models forecast a large future PTSD caseload after 7 October, but outputs depend heavily on assumed exposure denominators, conditional risks and recovery trajectories.", "population": "Israeli population exposure strata", "methodology": "Epidemiological scenario/modeling study", "statistic": "Produces a range of projected PTSD cases under alternative assumptions", "limitations": "Modeled cases are not observed diagnoses; uncertain exposure counts and parameters; should not be presented as a realized queue.", "confidence": "Moderate for scenarios; low for any single point estimate", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-037", "title": "The role of pediatricians in child and adolescent mental health in Israel", "year": "2024", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Delphi consensus study and evidence synthesis" ], "population": [ "Israeli pediatric and child mental-health experts" ], "statistics": [ "Consensus supports expanded pediatric detection/management with specialist pathways" ], "limitations": [ "Consensus is not effectiveness evidence; cited prevalence values are secondary estimates; workload effects untested." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate" ], "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s13584-024-00661-5", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "workforce", "children-and-adolescents" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Pediatricians could play a larger triage and brief-care role, but specialist scarcity and training/support are prerequisites.", "population": "Israeli pediatric and child mental-health experts", "methodology": "Delphi consensus study and evidence synthesis", "statistic": "Consensus supports expanded pediatric detection/management with specialist pathways", "limitations": "Consensus is not effectiveness evidence; cited prevalence values are secondary estimates; workload effects untested.", "confidence": "Moderate", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-038", "title": "Wake-up call for recovery: a paradigm shift to address the deep crisis in Israel's public mental health services", "year": "2025", "tier": "Tier 3", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Peer-reviewed expert policy commentary with cited national evidence" ], "population": [ "Israeli mental-health system" ], "statistics": [ "Reports long public waits, workforce transition to private work, fragmented hospital/community/rehabilitation pathways and high household spending." ], "limitations": [ "Commentary, not systematic review; advocacy framing and some figures rely on secondary sources." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate" ], "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s13584-025-00670-y", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "funding", "workforce", "waiting-and-access", "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "community-and-rehabilitation", "private-care-and-household-cost" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Israeli experts describe fragmented finance, weak community continuity, workforce loss and private burden as a reinforcing service crisis, but several quantitative claims require independent triangulation.", "population": "Israeli mental-health system", "methodology": "Peer-reviewed expert policy commentary with cited national evidence", "statistic": "Reports long public waits, workforce transition to private work, fragmented hospital/community/rehabilitation pathways and high household spending.", "limitations": "Commentary, not systematic review; advocacy framing and some figures rely on secondary sources.", "confidence": "Moderate", "originId": "R72" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-039", "title": "Emergency mental-health response for evacuees in Eilat after 7 October", "year": "2025", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Service-delivery field report" ], "population": [ "Evacuees in Eilat and 251 volunteering Shalvata clinicians" ], "statistics": [ "More than 2,600 individual and 66 group sessions over six weeks in a city hosting roughly 50,000 evacuees" ], "limitations": [ "No standardized documentation for all contacts; many declined documentation; no comparator or outcome evaluation; volunteer surge is not recurrent capacity." ], "confidence": [ "High for programme counts; low-moderate for effectiveness" ], "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s13584-025-00701-8", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "post-7-october", "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "community-and-rehabilitation" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "A rapid volunteer response in Eilat delivered thousands of sessions to evacuees, demonstrating mobilization capacity but also documentation and continuity weaknesses.", "population": "Evacuees in Eilat and 251 volunteering Shalvata clinicians", "methodology": "Service-delivery field report", "statistic": "More than 2,600 individual and 66 group sessions over six weeks in a city hosting roughly 50,000 evacuees", "limitations": "No standardized documentation for all contacts; many declined documentation; no comparator or outcome evaluation; volunteer surge is not recurrent capacity.", "confidence": "High for programme counts; low-moderate for effectiveness", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-040", "title": "Beyond trauma: training gaps in Israel's mental-health response", "year": "2025", "tier": "Tier 2", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Peer-reviewed policy/professional analysis" ], "population": [ "Israeli mental-health workforce and post-war service context" ], "statistics": [ "Identifies uneven trauma competencies, training and supervision as bottlenecks" ], "limitations": [ "Expert analysis rather than controlled workforce-outcome study; magnitude not nationally quantified." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate" ], "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s13584-025-00734-z", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "workforce", "post-7-october", "demand-and-epidemiology" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Israel has strong trauma expertise but gaps in scalable, standardized trauma training and supervision can limit conversion of expertise into broad public capacity.", "population": "Israeli mental-health workforce and post-war service context", "methodology": "Peer-reviewed policy/professional analysis", "statistic": "Identifies uneven trauma competencies, training and supervision as bottlenecks", "limitations": "Expert analysis rather than controlled workforce-outcome study; magnitude not nationally quantified.", "confidence": "Moderate", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-041", "title": "Probable PTSD among Israeli adolescents following 7 October", "year": "2025", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Cross-sectional adolescent survey using a validated symptom screen" ], "population": [ "Israeli adolescents after 7 October 2023" ], "statistics": [ "Meaningful proportion crossed a probable-PTSD threshold; exposure and protective factors differentiated risk" ], "limitations": [ "Screening threshold is not diagnosis; school/online participation and parental consent may select the sample; no pre-event individual baseline." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate-high" ], "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s13584-025-00740-1", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "post-7-october", "children-and-adolescents", "demand-and-epidemiology" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Israeli adolescents showed substantial probable PTSD burden after 7 October, with risk varying by exposure and psychosocial factors.", "population": "Israeli adolescents after 7 October 2023", "methodology": "Cross-sectional adolescent survey using a validated symptom screen", "statistic": "Meaningful proportion crossed a probable-PTSD threshold; exposure and protective factors differentiated risk", "limitations": "Screening threshold is not diagnosis; school/online participation and parental consent may select the sample; no pre-event individual baseline.", "confidence": "Moderate-high", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-042", "title": "Adolescent eating disorders during COVID-19: an Israeli pediatric centre", "year": "2021", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Retrospective 2020 versus 2015-2019 comparison" ], "population": [ "Children and adolescents presenting to one Israeli eating-disorder service" ], "statistics": [ "Higher referral volume and severity measures during 2020" ], "limitations": [ "Single centre; referral and admission thresholds changed; cannot estimate national prevalence." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate" ], "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-021-00374-z", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "waiting-and-access", "children-and-adolescents", "demand-and-epidemiology" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "One pediatric eating-disorder centre saw increased referrals and more medically severe cases during the first ten months of COVID-19.", "population": "Children and adolescents presenting to one Israeli eating-disorder service", "methodology": "Retrospective 2020 versus 2015-2019 comparison", "statistic": "Higher referral volume and severity measures during 2020", "limitations": "Single centre; referral and admission thresholds changed; cannot estimate national prevalence.", "confidence": "Moderate", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-043", "title": "Improving continuity after psychiatric discharge: an Israeli service model", "year": "2024", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Non-randomized pre/post service evaluation" ], "population": [ "Psychiatric inpatients before and after a continuity intervention" ], "statistics": [ "At least one readmission fell 50.9% to 44.0%; at least two fell 28.3% to 22.0%; rehabilitation entry rose 7.94% to 12.03%" ], "limitations": [ "Single-setting, nonrandomized and resource-intensive; secular changes and case mix may explain part of effect." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate-high" ], "url": "https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2024.9", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "community-and-rehabilitation" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "A structured inpatient-to-community continuity model coincided with fewer readmissions and greater entry into formal rehabilitation.", "population": "Psychiatric inpatients before and after a continuity intervention", "methodology": "Non-randomized pre/post service evaluation", "statistic": "At least one readmission fell 50.9% to 44.0%; at least two fell 28.3% to 22.0%; rehabilitation entry rose 7.94% to 12.03%", "limitations": "Single-setting, nonrandomized and resource-intensive; secular changes and case mix may explain part of effect.", "confidence": "Moderate-high", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-044", "title": "Cost-effectiveness of collaborative care for the treatment of depressive disorders in primary care: a systematic review", "year": "2015", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "International", "methodology": [ "Systematic review of full economic evaluations" ], "population": [ "Primary-care adults with depressive disorders" ], "statistics": [ "Most included evaluations found collaborative care cost-effective under commonly used thresholds." ], "limitations": [ "Older evidence; heterogeneous cost perspectives, comparators and implementation intensity." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate-High" ], "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123078", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "funding", "reform-and-health-economics" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "The collaborative-care economic evidence is favourable overall but not uniformly cost-saving.", "population": "Primary-care adults with depressive disorders", "methodology": "Systematic review of full economic evaluations", "statistic": "Most included evaluations found collaborative care cost-effective under commonly used thresholds.", "limitations": "Older evidence; heterogeneous cost perspectives, comparators and implementation intensity.", "confidence": "Moderate-High", "originId": "R37" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-045", "title": "Cost-effectiveness of psychological treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder in adults", "year": "2020", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "United Kingdom", "methodology": [ "Decision-analytic economic modelling informed by network meta-analysis" ], "population": [ "Adults with PTSD" ], "statistics": [ "EMDR had the highest modelled net monetary benefit at £20,000/QALY; trauma-focused CBT had the largest evidence base." ], "limitations": [ "Long-term data were limited; model results depend on UK costs and network assumptions." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate-High" ], "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232245", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "funding", "demand-and-epidemiology", "reform-and-health-economics" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Evidence-based PTSD psychotherapy can be cost-effective; trauma treatment should be expanded as clinical care, not merely resilience messaging.", "population": "Adults with PTSD", "methodology": "Decision-analytic economic modelling informed by network meta-analysis", "statistic": "EMDR had the highest modelled net monetary benefit at £20,000/QALY; trauma-focused CBT had the largest evidence base.", "limitations": "Long-term data were limited; model results depend on UK costs and network assumptions.", "confidence": "Moderate-High", "originId": "R38" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-046", "title": "Tel Aviv University — Yair Bar-Haim profile", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 2", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official university profile" ], "population": [ "Tel Aviv University" ], "statistics": [ "Current institutional role and research field verified." ], "limitations": [ "Profile establishes affiliation, not comparative eminence or clinical authority." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://en-social-sciences.tau.ac.il/profile/yair1", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "waiting-and-access", "demand-and-epidemiology", "digital-mental-health" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Prof. Yair Bar-Haim holds a current Tel Aviv University psychology/neuroscience appointment and leads major trauma research.", "population": "Tel Aviv University", "methodology": "Official university profile", "statistic": "Current institutional role and research field verified.", "limitations": "Profile establishes affiliation, not comparative eminence or clinical authority.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S64" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-047", "title": "Tel Aviv University — Zahava Solomon profile", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 2", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official university profile" ], "population": [ "Tel Aviv University" ], "statistics": [ "Current affiliation and research programme verified." ], "limitations": [ "Profile is descriptive and should be linked to specific publications for substantive claims." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://en-socialwork.tau.ac.il/profile/solomon", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "demand-and-epidemiology" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Prof. Zahava Solomon’s current Tel Aviv University profile documents senior trauma and social-work research leadership.", "population": "Tel Aviv University", "methodology": "Official university profile", "statistic": "Current affiliation and research programme verified.", "limitations": "Profile is descriptive and should be linked to specific publications for substantive claims.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S66" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-048", "title": "Implementation guidance 2024 – psychological therapies for severe mental health problems", "year": "2024", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "England", "methodology": [ "Official NHS implementation guidance" ], "population": [ "Adults with psychosis, bipolar disorder, eating disorders or complex emotional needs in England" ], "statistics": [ "Specifies workforce expansion/upskilling and integration into community mental-health transformation." ], "limitations": [ "Guidance is not an independent outcome evaluation and assumes mature NHS commissioning structures." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://england.nhs.uk/long-read/implementation-guidance-2024-psychological-therapies-for-severe-mental-health-problems", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "workforce", "severe-mental-illness", "community-and-rehabilitation", "demand-and-epidemiology" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Expanding evidence-based psychological treatment for severe mental illness requires specialist workforce upskilling within multidisciplinary community teams.", "population": "Adults with psychosis, bipolar disorder, eating disorders or complex emotional needs in England", "methodology": "Official NHS implementation guidance", "statistic": "Specifies workforce expansion/upskilling and integration into community mental-health transformation.", "limitations": "Guidance is not an independent outcome evaluation and assumes mature NHS commissioning structures.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "R17" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-049", "title": "NHS Talking Therapies for anxiety and depression", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "England", "methodology": [ "Official programme and administrative summary" ], "population": [ "Adults using NHS Talking Therapies in England" ], "statistics": [ "About 670,000 people received a course in 2023/24; thousands of practitioners were trained and deployed; programme reports routine reliable improvement/recovery standards." ], "limitations": [ "Completion-based recovery metrics can be sensitive to case mix, attrition and coding; England's workforce pipeline differs from Israel's." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://england.nhs.uk/mental-health/adults/nhs-talking-therapies", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "workforce", "waiting-and-access", "demand-and-epidemiology", "governance-and-measurement" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "A national public-psychotherapy programme can scale only by pairing recurring investment with training, routine outcomes and access standards.", "population": "Adults using NHS Talking Therapies in England", "methodology": "Official programme and administrative summary", "statistic": "About 670,000 people received a course in 2023/24; thousands of practitioners were trained and deployed; programme reports routine reliable improvement/recovery standards.", "limitations": "Completion-based recovery metrics can be sensitive to case mix, attrition and coding; England's workforce pipeline differs from Israel's.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "R15" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-050", "title": "Mental health access and waiting time standards: Early intervention in psychosis", "year": "2023", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "England", "methodology": [ "Official NHS standard and implementation guidance" ], "population": [ "People referred to early-intervention psychosis services in England" ], "statistics": [ "Requires treatment start within 2 weeks and delivery consistent with NICE-recommended care." ], "limitations": [ "A target can induce gaming or shallow starts unless package fidelity and outcomes are audited." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://england.nhs.uk/mental-health/resources/access-waiting-time", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "waiting-and-access", "severe-mental-illness", "reform-and-health-economics" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Early-psychosis access standards should join a maximum wait with fidelity to a full evidence-based package.", "population": "People referred to early-intervention psychosis services in England", "methodology": "Official NHS standard and implementation guidance", "statistic": "Requires treatment start within 2 weeks and delivery consistent with NICE-recommended care.", "limitations": "A target can induce gaming or shallow starts unless package fidelity and outcomes are audited.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "R16" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-051", "title": "European Observatory — Mental health care initiatives", "year": "2022", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Health-system policy analysis" ], "population": [ "Israeli health system" ], "statistics": [ "Mental-health care was incorporated into National Health Insurance responsibility, with community integration and reduced stigma among stated aims." ], "limitations": [ "Descriptive policy analysis; outcome attribution remains limited." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://eurohealthobservatory.who.int/monitors/health-systems-monitor/analyses/hspm/israel-2015/mental-health-care-initiatives-to-improve-access-quality-integrate-care-and-reduce-stigma", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "post-7-october", "community-and-rehabilitation", "governance-and-measurement", "reform-and-health-economics" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "The 2015 reform simultaneously expanded entitlement and shifted delivery toward health-fund community care.", "population": "Israeli health system", "methodology": "Health-system policy analysis", "statistic": "Mental-health care was incorporated into National Health Insurance responsibility, with community integration and reduced stigma among stated aims.", "limitations": "Descriptive policy analysis; outcome attribution remains limited.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S11" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-052", "title": "European Observatory — Mental healthcare initiatives post October 7", "year": "2024", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Health-system monitor analysis" ], "population": [ "Israeli mental-health system after 7 October 2023" ], "statistics": [ "Emergency programmes expanded hotlines, resilience and treatment responses while long waits, cost barriers and shortages persisted." ], "limitations": [ "Rapid policy analysis; not a controlled evaluation of programme impact." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate-High" ], "url": "https://eurohealthobservatory.who.int/monitors/health-systems-monitor/analyses/hspm/israel-2015/mental-healthcare-initiatives-post-the-october-7th-attacks", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "workforce", "waiting-and-access", "post-7-october", "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "governance-and-measurement" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "The post-October emergency response operated on top of pre-existing waits and workforce shortages.", "population": "Israeli mental-health system after 7 October 2023", "methodology": "Health-system monitor analysis", "statistic": "Emergency programmes expanded hotlines, resilience and treatment responses while long waits, cost barriers and shortages persisted.", "limitations": "Rapid policy analysis; not a controlled evaluation of programme impact.", "confidence": "Moderate-High", "originId": "S12" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-053", "title": "10-year Mental Health Plan (Denmark)", "year": "2022", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Denmark", "methodology": [ "European Observatory policy update based on government plan and parliamentary agreement" ], "population": [ "Danish psychiatric and social-care system" ], "statistics": [ "Nineteen goals; additional DKK 201.6 million in 2023 and about DKK 460 million in subsequent years, with indicators." ], "limitations": [ "Funding announcement and goals are not evidence of executed capacity or outcomes." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://eurohealthobservatory.who.int/monitors/health-systems-monitor/updates/hspm/denmark-2012/10-year-mental-health-plan", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "governance-and-measurement", "international-benchmarking", "reform-and-health-economics" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Protected, multi-year reform can specify goals and recurring increments rather than rely on emergency grants.", "population": "Danish psychiatric and social-care system", "methodology": "European Observatory policy update based on government plan and parliamentary agreement", "statistic": "Nineteen goals; additional DKK 201.6 million in 2023 and about DKK 460 million in subsequent years, with indicators.", "limitations": "Funding announcement and goals are not evidence of executed capacity or outcomes.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "R12" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-054", "title": "Finland: Country Health Profile 2023", "year": "2023", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Finland", "methodology": [ "OECD/European Observatory country profile with mental-health spotlight" ], "population": [ "Finland health system" ], "statistics": [ "Reviews mental-health access and the transfer of health/social responsibility to wellbeing-services counties." ], "limitations": [ "Implementation was early; fiscal and access effects were not yet settled." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://eurohealthobservatory.who.int/publications/m/finland-country-health-profile-2023", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "waiting-and-access", "governance-and-measurement", "international-benchmarking" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Finland's system shows both the promise and transition risk of integrating health and social-service responsibility regionally.", "population": "Finland health system", "methodology": "OECD/European Observatory country profile with mental-health spotlight", "statistic": "Reviews mental-health access and the transfer of health/social responsibility to wellbeing-services counties.", "limitations": "Implementation was early; fiscal and access effects were not yet settled.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "R10" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-055", "title": "Psychiatric emergency-department referrals during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Israel", "year": "2021", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Retrospective comparison of March-April 2020 with prior periods" ], "population": [ "Emergency-department presentations in an Israeli hospital" ], "statistics": [ "Total/psychiatric referrals fell roughly 30%; anxiety represented 14.5% versus 5.4%, psychosis 9.5% versus 6.7%, and PTSD 3.2% versus 1.5% in reported comparisons" ], "limitations": [ "Single-site administrative data; proportions can rise when denominator falls; diagnoses/coding and lockdown access changed." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate-high" ], "url": "https://frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.603318/full", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "waiting-and-access", "severe-mental-illness", "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "demand-and-epidemiology" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "During early COVID-19, psychiatric emergency-department referrals fell even as anxiety, PTSD and other presentations formed a larger share, showing utilization can drop while need changes.", "population": "Emergency-department presentations in an Israeli hospital", "methodology": "Retrospective comparison of March-April 2020 with prior periods", "statistic": "Total/psychiatric referrals fell roughly 30%; anxiety represented 14.5% versus 5.4%, psychosis 9.5% versus 6.7%, and PTSD 3.2% versus 1.5% in reported comparisons", "limitations": "Single-site administrative data; proportions can rise when denominator falls; diagnoses/coding and lockdown access changed.", "confidence": "Moderate-high", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-056", "title": "Changes in pediatric eating-disorder hospitalizations during COVID-19 in Israel", "year": "2023", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Retrospective hospital time-series/comparison" ], "population": [ "Pediatric admissions at one Israeli institution" ], "statistics": [ "Eating-disorder admissions increased from 10.5% to 16.7% of relevant admissions" ], "limitations": [ "Proportion depends on all other admissions; single institution; not incidence or unmet need." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate" ], "url": "https://frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1281363/full", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "demand-and-epidemiology" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "The share of pediatric admissions related to eating disorders rose from 10.5% to 16.7% in one hospital during COVID-19.", "population": "Pediatric admissions at one Israeli institution", "methodology": "Retrospective hospital time-series/comparison", "statistic": "Eating-disorder admissions increased from 10.5% to 16.7% of relevant admissions", "limitations": "Proportion depends on all other admissions; single institution; not incidence or unmet need.", "confidence": "Moderate", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-057", "title": "Resilience centres: activity, eligibility and waiting times", "year": "2025", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Knesset committee background paper compiling centre and government responses" ], "population": [ "Residents served by regional resilience centres, including Jewish and Bedouin communities" ], "statistics": [ "Shows centre-specific differences in reach, staffing and reported waiting, not a single national wait" ], "limitations": [ "Self-reported centre data; different catchments and definitions; not outcome-adjusted." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate-high" ], "url": "https://fs.knesset.gov.il/25/Committees/25_cs_bg_6078330.pdf", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "waiting-and-access", "post-7-october", "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "equity-and-geography" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Post-war resilience-centre access was geographically uneven: some centres reported no wait after expanding rooms, while others, including a Bedouin-serving centre, reported worsening waits and capacity constraints.", "population": "Residents served by regional resilience centres, including Jewish and Bedouin communities", "methodology": "Knesset committee background paper compiling centre and government responses", "statistic": "Shows centre-specific differences in reach, staffing and reported waiting, not a single national wait", "limitations": "Self-reported centre data; different catchments and definitions; not outcome-adjusted.", "confidence": "Moderate-high", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-058", "title": "Knesset RIC — Public psychotherapy and psychologists", "year": "2023", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Parliamentary legal/service review" ], "population": [ "Public psychotherapy workforce and patients" ], "statistics": [ "Maps psychology and psychotherapy pathways in public care." ], "limitations": [ "Does not create a single statutory licence called psychotherapist or quantify all providers." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://fs.knesset.gov.il/25/Committees/25_cs_mmm_2570948.pdf", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "workforce", "governance-and-measurement" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Public psychotherapy is delivered by multiple regulated base professions, so credential claims must distinguish profession, specialty and therapeutic training.", "population": "Public psychotherapy workforce and patients", "methodology": "Parliamentary legal/service review", "statistic": "Maps psychology and psychotherapy pathways in public care.", "limitations": "Does not create a single statutory licence called psychotherapist or quantify all providers.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S24" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-059", "title": "Care for people with dual diagnosis of psychiatric disorder and addiction", "year": "2025", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Knesset committee research review of ministries and service data" ], "population": [ "Israeli health, welfare and addiction services and users" ], "statistics": [ "22.1% of respondents at substance-addiction risk self-reported psychiatric morbidity; agencies could not provide an integrated national denominator" ], "limitations": [ "Self-reported morbidity; fragmented datasets and definitions; risk is not diagnosis." ], "confidence": [ "High for data fragmentation; moderate for survey proportion" ], "url": "https://fs.knesset.gov.il/25/Committees/25_cs_mmm_9847536.pdf", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "demand-and-epidemiology", "governance-and-measurement" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Israel lacks an integrated denominator and clinical information exchange for people with both psychiatric morbidity and addiction, obscuring dual-diagnosis need and handoffs.", "population": "Israeli health, welfare and addiction services and users", "methodology": "Knesset committee research review of ministries and service data", "statistic": "22.1% of respondents at substance-addiction risk self-reported psychiatric morbidity; agencies could not provide an integrated national denominator", "limitations": "Self-reported morbidity; fragmented datasets and definitions; risk is not diagnosis.", "confidence": "High for data fragmentation; moderate for survey proportion", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-060", "title": "Knesset RIC — Mental-health response planning after the war began", "year": "2023", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Rapid parliamentary mapping" ], "population": [ "People affected by the war and responding public services" ], "statistics": [ "Document identifies multiple responsible bodies and emerging service plans." ], "limitations": [ "Prepared during an evolving emergency; intended resources and later implementation differ." ], "confidence": [ "High for contemporaneous plan" ], "url": "https://fs.knesset.gov.il/globaldocs/MMM/2c79076e-0878-ee11-815f-005056aac6c3/2_2c79076e-0878-ee11-815f-005056aac6c3_11_20279.pdf", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "post-7-october", "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "digital-mental-health" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Early post-7-October planning required coordination across health funds, hospitals, resilience centres and emergency programmes.", "population": "People affected by the war and responding public services", "methodology": "Rapid parliamentary mapping", "statistic": "Document identifies multiple responsible bodies and emerging service plans.", "limitations": "Prepared during an evolving emergency; intended resources and later implementation differ.", "confidence": "High for contemporaneous plan", "originId": "S10" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-061", "title": "Knesset RIC — Eating-disorder services", "year": "2022", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Parliamentary service and capacity review" ], "population": [ "People needing eating-disorder treatment" ], "statistics": [ "Maps inpatient, day and community services and identifies specialist-capacity constraints." ], "limitations": [ "Service numbers are time-specific and require post-war updating." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://fs.knesset.gov.il/globaldocs/MMM/483871fc-f0e3-eb11-8113-00155d0aee38/2_483871fc-f0e3-eb11-8113-00155d0aee38_11_19420.pdf", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "community-and-rehabilitation", "international-benchmarking" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Eating-disorder care is a specialist pathway whose bottlenecks cannot be inferred from general psychotherapy supply.", "population": "People needing eating-disorder treatment", "methodology": "Parliamentary service and capacity review", "statistic": "Maps inpatient, day and community services and identifies specialist-capacity constraints.", "limitations": "Service numbers are time-specific and require post-war updating.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S76" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-062", "title": "Gender-separated psychiatric hospitalization in Israel", "year": "2023", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Knesset Research and Information Center legal, policy and administrative review", "Administrative institutional survey" ], "population": [ "Psychiatric inpatients and facilities in Israel", "Psychiatric inpatient beds" ], "statistics": [ "At the report snapshot, 34% of 3,482 beds were male-only, 10% female-only and the remainder mixed.", "Documents facility configurations, policy questions and reports of sexual-safety/privacy concerns" ], "limitations": [ "Snapshot differs from end-2023 total; bed configuration is not occupancy or access by diagnosis.", "Incident reporting is incomplete; configuration does not establish quality or misconduct; data vary by ward." ], "confidence": [ "High for structural mapping; moderate for incidence", "High" ], "url": "https://fs.knesset.gov.il/globaldocs/MMM/51540e79-9603-ee11-8158-005056aac6c3/2_51540e79-9603-ee11-8158-005056aac6c3_11_20514.pdf", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "post-7-october", "hospitals-and-crisis-care" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Ward gender configuration constrains effective capacity beyond the total bed count.", "population": "Psychiatric inpatient beds", "methodology": "Administrative institutional survey", "statistic": "At the report snapshot, 34% of 3,482 beds were male-only, 10% female-only and the remainder mixed.", "limitations": "Snapshot differs from end-2023 total; bed configuration is not occupancy or access by diagnosis.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S31" }, { "claim": "Gender-mixed psychiatric wards raise privacy and safety concerns, but documented structural risk must not be converted into unverified claims about individual institutions.", "population": "Psychiatric inpatients and facilities in Israel", "methodology": "Knesset Research and Information Center legal, policy and administrative review", "statistic": "Documents facility configurations, policy questions and reports of sexual-safety/privacy concerns", "limitations": "Incident reporting is incomplete; configuration does not establish quality or misconduct; data vary by ward.", "confidence": "High for structural mapping; moderate for incidence", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-063", "title": "Budgeting of mental-health services and the national mental-health programme", "year": "2024", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Knesset Research and Information Center budget/document review", "Budget and support-test review", "Document review and ministry/health-fund data request", "Administrative spending reports reviewed by Knesset RIC", "Administrative-data synthesis", "Parliamentary data request" ], "population": [ "National mental-health financing, Ministry of Health and health funds", "Four health funds", "National mental-health insurance budget", "Four Israeli health funds", "Health-fund mental-health patients", "Health-fund mental-health budgets" ], "statistics": [ "Initial addition NIS 1.540 billion; total identified sources NIS 1.64 billion in 2012 prices, including NIS 1.08 billion inpatient and NIS 0.56 billion ambulatory.", "Reported spending equalled 98.3%, 95% and 95% of reported sources in 2016, 2017 and 2018 respectively.", "No expenditure-use data were available after 2018; three of four funds did not answer the Knesset request; basket funds are not earmarked.", "For 2021 the report identified about 2.02 million contacts and about 266,900 patients excluding Meuhedet; newer series were unavailable or under cleaning.", "Support amounts reported as NIS 317 million for 2024 and NIS 591 million for 2025; a later ministry presentation cited approximately NIS 330 million and NIS 610 million.", "Reports mental-health basket amounts of NIS 2.02b in 2016, 2.13b in 2017 and 2.22b in 2018; 2023 support test NIS 86.5m; 2024-25 national programme about NIS 1.4b" ], "limitations": [ "Historical 2012-price accounting; not comparable to current nominal spending without adjustment.", "Reported spending is not independently linked to FTEs, clinical hours, waits or outcomes; data after 2018 were not supplied.", "Non-response proves a transparency gap, not non-spending.", "One fund excluded and contact definitions may differ; not a national treated-prevalence estimate.", "Amounts reflect programme documents at different dates; execution, recruitment and wait effects were not yet demonstrated.", "Incomplete health-fund responses; nominal allocation is not execution or effective capacity; historical amounts are not price-adjusted here." ], "confidence": [ "High", "Moderate-High" ], "url": "https://fs.knesset.gov.il/globaldocs/MMM/5d9e8f32-b2af-ee11-8162-005056aa4246/2_5d9e8f32-b2af-ee11-8162-005056aa4246_11_20785.pdf", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "funding", "post-7-october", "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "governance-and-measurement", "reform-and-health-economics", "digital-mental-health" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "The reform’s initial basket addition was split predominantly toward inpatient care.", "population": "National mental-health insurance budget", "methodology": "Document review and ministry/health-fund data request", "statistic": "Initial addition NIS 1.540 billion; total identified sources NIS 1.64 billion in 2012 prices, including NIS 1.08 billion inpatient and NIS 0.56 billion ambulatory.", "limitations": "Historical 2012-price accounting; not comparable to current nominal spending without adjustment.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S02" }, { "claim": "Reported use of identified reform resources was high in 2016–2018, but the series stops there.", "population": "Four Israeli health funds", "methodology": "Administrative spending reports reviewed by Knesset RIC", "statistic": "Reported spending equalled 98.3%, 95% and 95% of reported sources in 2016, 2017 and 2018 respectively.", "limitations": "Reported spending is not independently linked to FTEs, clinical hours, waits or outcomes; data after 2018 were not supplied.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S02" }, { "claim": "Israel cannot currently trace a complete post-2018 health-fund mental-health expenditure series from public data.", "population": "Health-fund mental-health budgets", "methodology": "Parliamentary data request", "statistic": "No expenditure-use data were available after 2018; three of four funds did not answer the Knesset request; basket funds are not earmarked.", "limitations": "Non-response proves a transparency gap, not non-spending.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S02" }, { "claim": "Recent ambulatory activity data were incomplete even before the war.", "population": "Health-fund mental-health patients", "methodology": "Administrative-data synthesis", "statistic": "For 2021 the report identified about 2.02 million contacts and about 266,900 patients excluding Meuhedet; newer series were unavailable or under cleaning.", "limitations": "One fund excluded and contact definitions may differ; not a national treated-prevalence estimate.", "confidence": "Moderate-High", "originId": "S02" }, { "claim": "The national programme uses conditional support payments to health funds, but announced support is not equivalent to durable clinical capacity.", "population": "Four health funds", "methodology": "Budget and support-test review", "statistic": "Support amounts reported as NIS 317 million for 2024 and NIS 591 million for 2025; a later ministry presentation cited approximately NIS 330 million and NIS 610 million.", "limitations": "Amounts reflect programme documents at different dates; execution, recruitment and wait effects were not yet demonstrated.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S02" }, { "claim": "Official responses did not yield a complete post-2018 mental-health expenditure series by service type, and health-basket transfers were not earmarked in a way that establishes money spent, staff hired or clinical hours delivered.", "population": "National mental-health financing, Ministry of Health and health funds", "methodology": "Knesset Research and Information Center budget/document review", "statistic": "Reports mental-health basket amounts of NIS 2.02b in 2016, 2.13b in 2017 and 2.22b in 2018; 2023 support test NIS 86.5m; 2024-25 national programme about NIS 1.4b", "limitations": "Incomplete health-fund responses; nominal allocation is not execution or effective capacity; historical amounts are not price-adjusted here.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-064", "title": "The psychiatric hospitalization cap and alternatives to inpatient care", "year": "2025 (principally 2022-2024 data)", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Knesset Research and Information Center policy and administrative review", "Policy and finance analysis", "Administrative directory", "Administrative finance review", "Administrative review", "Administrative financing and bed review" ], "population": [ "Israeli psychiatric hospitals, general hospitals, health funds and day-care users", "Psychiatric hospitals and health funds", "Dedicated psychiatric hospitals", "Psychiatric inpatient institutions", "Psychiatric day-hospital positions", "Licensed psychiatric inpatient beds" ], "statistics": [ "3,560 beds, or 0.361 per 1,000 residents.", "3,041 beds (85.4%) were in dedicated psychiatric hospitals and 519 in general hospitals at end-2023.", "329 day-hospital positions: 264 in dedicated mental-health hospitals and 65 in general hospitals.", "2023 health-fund settlements about NIS 1.3 billion plus NIS 407 million subsidy to government centres, roughly NIS 1.7 billion total; general-hospital psychiatric services were about NIS 221 million in 2024.", "Proposed 2025 global payment approximately NIS 1.8 billion for dedicated institutions and NIS 274 million for general hospitals; NIS 230 million allocated to pricing correction.", "Beds: Mazor 314; Sha’ar Menashe 429; Ma’ale HaCarmel 232; Ilanit 75; Abarbanel 296; Merhavim 438; Lev Hasharon 263; Geha 166; Shalvata 139; Jerusalem MHC 315; Herzog 63; Beer Sheva 311.", "329 day-hospital positions: 264 in psychiatric hospitals and 65 in general hospitals; 1,281 people and about 75,000 net treatment days in 2022" ], "limitations": [ "Licensed beds may be unstaffed or temporarily unavailable; rate is a stock, not effective capacity.", "Classification does not convey case mix, occupancy, quality or catchment need.", "Positions are not necessarily occupied, staffed or geographically matched to need.", "Different years and accounting boundaries; not full system spending.", "Proposal was not final at report date; quality metrics and budget traceability were unfinished.", "Licensed-bed snapshot; names and organisational status must be rechecked after integration initiatives.", "Licensed positions are not occupied staffing or access; home-hospital activity was incompletely enumerated; payment incentives do not prove inappropriate practice." ], "confidence": [ "High for reported capacity; moderate for incentive implications", "High for proposal; Low for impact", "High" ], "url": "https://fs.knesset.gov.il/globaldocs/MMM/68dbf371-8ad9-ef11-a856-005056aa1f91/2_68dbf371-8ad9-ef11-a856-005056aa1f91_11_20815.pdf", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "funding", "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "governance-and-measurement", "digital-mental-health" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "At end-2023 Israel had 3,560 licensed mental-health inpatient beds.", "population": "Licensed psychiatric inpatient beds", "methodology": "Administrative financing and bed review", "statistic": "3,560 beds, or 0.361 per 1,000 residents.", "limitations": "Licensed beds may be unstaffed or temporarily unavailable; rate is a stock, not effective capacity.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S03" }, { "claim": "Most psychiatric beds remained in dedicated institutions rather than general hospitals.", "population": "Psychiatric inpatient institutions", "methodology": "Administrative review", "statistic": "3,041 beds (85.4%) were in dedicated psychiatric hospitals and 519 in general hospitals at end-2023.", "limitations": "Classification does not convey case mix, occupancy, quality or catchment need.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S03" }, { "claim": "Day-hospital capacity was much smaller than inpatient capacity.", "population": "Psychiatric day-hospital positions", "methodology": "Administrative review", "statistic": "329 day-hospital positions: 264 in dedicated mental-health hospitals and 65 in general hospitals.", "limitations": "Positions are not necessarily occupied, staffed or geographically matched to need.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S03" }, { "claim": "Dedicated psychiatric hospitals were financed through both health-fund payments and government subsidy.", "population": "Dedicated psychiatric hospitals", "methodology": "Administrative finance review", "statistic": "2023 health-fund settlements about NIS 1.3 billion plus NIS 407 million subsidy to government centres, roughly NIS 1.7 billion total; general-hospital psychiatric services were about NIS 221 million in 2024.", "limitations": "Different years and accounting boundaries; not full system spending.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S03" }, { "claim": "The proposed global-payment model aimed to reduce activity-based distortions but carried accountability risks.", "population": "Psychiatric hospitals and health funds", "methodology": "Policy and finance analysis", "statistic": "Proposed 2025 global payment approximately NIS 1.8 billion for dedicated institutions and NIS 274 million for general hospitals; NIS 230 million allocated to pricing correction.", "limitations": "Proposal was not final at report date; quality metrics and budget traceability were unfinished.", "confidence": "High for proposal; Low for impact", "originId": "S03" }, { "claim": "The 2023 institution directory documents concentration of beds across 12 dedicated institutions.", "population": "Dedicated psychiatric hospitals", "methodology": "Administrative directory", "statistic": "Beds: Mazor 314; Sha’ar Menashe 429; Ma’ale HaCarmel 232; Ilanit 75; Abarbanel 296; Merhavim 438; Lev Hasharon 263; Geha 166; Shalvata 139; Jerusalem MHC 315; Herzog 63; Beer Sheva 311.", "limitations": "Licensed-bed snapshot; names and organisational status must be rechecked after integration initiatives.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S03" }, { "claim": "At the end of 2023 Israel had 329 licensed psychiatric day-hospital positions and limited documented psychiatric home-hospitalization infrastructure; incentives under the psychiatric cap can affect care setting.", "population": "Israeli psychiatric hospitals, general hospitals, health funds and day-care users", "methodology": "Knesset Research and Information Center policy and administrative review", "statistic": "329 day-hospital positions: 264 in psychiatric hospitals and 65 in general hospitals; 1,281 people and about 75,000 net treatment days in 2022", "limitations": "Licensed positions are not occupied staffing or access; home-hospital activity was incompletely enumerated; payment incentives do not prove inappropriate practice.", "confidence": "High for reported capacity; moderate for incentive implications", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-065", "title": "Data on psychiatrists and waiting times for psychiatric care", "year": "2024", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Knesset Research and Information Center synthesis of regulator, employer and fund responses", "Administrative registry and institutional responses", "Knesset compilation of Israel Medical Association response", "Administrative registry analysis", "Parliamentary data request" ], "population": [ "Israeli psychiatrists, government hospitals and health funds", "Psychiatry residents and new specialists", "Adult and child psychiatrists in public services", "Adult psychiatry specialist-certificate holders", "Child and adolescent psychiatry specialists", "National psychiatry workforce" ], "statistics": [ "End-2022: 1,449 certificate holders; 953 age 67 or under; 0.099 per 1,000 versus 0.110 in 2015 and 0.122 in 2010.", "Adult psychiatry: 371 residents at end-2022 and 76 starters in 2023; 43 new specialist certificates in 2022, versus 50 in 2021 and 41 in 2020.", "End-2022: 376 certificate holders, 284 age 67 or under, or 0.029 per 1,000 residents; 107 residents and 41 starters in 2023.", "IMA estimated about 800 adult and child psychiatrists work in the public system, some part-time.", "MoH acknowledged shortage; older projections around 350 should not be treated as a current verified vacancy count.", "Documents vacancy/retention pressure and examples of districts without available child-psychiatry appointments; more than 20 of roughly 100 active wards were reported in testimony to have only one specialist who was also director" ], "limitations": [ "Age ≤67 is only a proxy for active practice; some work abroad, privately or outside clinical care.", "Resident headcount does not equal completions, retention or future public-sector FTE.", "Population denominator is total population rather than child population; active FTE is unknown.", "Secondary response, no FTE or employer deduplication; should not be presented as exact.", "Absence of a current estimate is a measurement gap, not evidence of no shortage.", "Incomplete and non-standardized employer responses; testimony is not a census; heads and posts may overlap." ], "confidence": [ "High for data-gap conclusion; moderate for point examples", "High", "Moderate" ], "url": "https://fs.knesset.gov.il/globaldocs/MMM/6ca6bd3f-4a0c-ef11-815f-005056aac6c3/2_6ca6bd3f-4a0c-ef11-815f-005056aac6c3_11_20544.pdf", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "workforce", "waiting-and-access", "post-7-october", "children-and-adolescents", "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "governance-and-measurement", "international-benchmarking", "digital-mental-health" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "The adult-psychiatry specialist supply did not keep pace with population growth over the prior decade.", "population": "Adult psychiatry specialist-certificate holders", "methodology": "Administrative registry analysis", "statistic": "End-2022: 1,449 certificate holders; 953 age 67 or under; 0.099 per 1,000 versus 0.110 in 2015 and 0.122 in 2010.", "limitations": "Age ≤67 is only a proxy for active practice; some work abroad, privately or outside clinical care.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S23" }, { "claim": "The psychiatry training pipeline was growing but too slow to infer near-term adequacy.", "population": "Psychiatry residents and new specialists", "methodology": "Administrative registry and institutional responses", "statistic": "Adult psychiatry: 371 residents at end-2022 and 76 starters in 2023; 43 new specialist certificates in 2022, versus 50 in 2021 and 41 in 2020.", "limitations": "Resident headcount does not equal completions, retention or future public-sector FTE.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S23" }, { "claim": "Child and adolescent psychiatry had a particularly small specialist base.", "population": "Child and adolescent psychiatry specialists", "methodology": "Administrative registry analysis", "statistic": "End-2022: 376 certificate holders, 284 age 67 or under, or 0.029 per 1,000 residents; 107 residents and 41 starters in 2023.", "limitations": "Population denominator is total population rather than child population; active FTE is unknown.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S23" }, { "claim": "A frequently cited public-sector psychiatrist count is a professional-body estimate, not a payroll census.", "population": "Adult and child psychiatrists in public services", "methodology": "Knesset compilation of Israel Medical Association response", "statistic": "IMA estimated about 800 adult and child psychiatrists work in the public system, some part-time.", "limitations": "Secondary response, no FTE or employer deduplication; should not be presented as exact.", "confidence": "Moderate", "originId": "S23" }, { "claim": "The Ministry acknowledged a psychiatry shortage but did not provide a current quantified national gap.", "population": "National psychiatry workforce", "methodology": "Parliamentary data request", "statistic": "MoH acknowledged shortage; older projections around 350 should not be treated as a current verified vacancy count.", "limitations": "Absence of a current estimate is a measurement gap, not evidence of no shortage.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S23" }, { "claim": "Government and health-plan data did not permit a complete national accounting of psychiatrist vacancies, public clinical hours or waiting times; some districts reported no available child-psychiatry appointment.", "population": "Israeli psychiatrists, government hospitals and health funds", "methodology": "Knesset Research and Information Center synthesis of regulator, employer and fund responses", "statistic": "Documents vacancy/retention pressure and examples of districts without available child-psychiatry appointments; more than 20 of roughly 100 active wards were reported in testimony to have only one specialist who was also director", "limitations": "Incomplete and non-standardized employer responses; testimony is not a census; heads and posts may overlap.", "confidence": "High for data-gap conclusion; moderate for point examples", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-066", "title": "Knesset RIC — Long-term planning for resilience centres", "year": "2023", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Parliamentary governance and budget review" ], "population": [ "Residents served by resilience centres" ], "statistics": [ "Report maps multi-agency responsibilities and need for long-term planning." ], "limitations": [ "Prepared at an early war stage; later funding and coverage must be updated." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://fs.knesset.gov.il/globaldocs/MMM/7becb419-3c94-ee11-8162-005056aa4246/2_7becb419-3c94-ee11-8162-005056aa4246_11_20567.pdf", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "funding", "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "community-and-rehabilitation", "governance-and-measurement" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Resilience centres sit at a cross-ministry and emergency-community boundary, making stable governance and funding important.", "population": "Residents served by resilience centres", "methodology": "Parliamentary governance and budget review", "statistic": "Report maps multi-agency responsibilities and need for long-term planning.", "limitations": "Prepared at an early war stage; later funding and coverage must be updated.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S77" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-067", "title": "Knesset RIC — Ministry of Health budget for 2025", "year": "2025", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Parliamentary budget analysis" ], "population": [ "National public mental-health system" ], "statistics": [ "Programme appears in the 2025 health budget framework." ], "limitations": [ "Budget authority is not execution or demonstrated capacity gain." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://fs.knesset.gov.il/globaldocs/MMM/cf6b12ff-1ae3-ef11-a856-005056aa1f91/2_cf6b12ff-1ae3-ef11-a856-005056aa1f91_11_20904.pdf", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "funding", "digital-mental-health" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Parliamentary budget analysis confirms that the national mental-health programme spans 2024–2025 at an announced scale near NIS 1.4 billion.", "population": "National public mental-health system", "methodology": "Parliamentary budget analysis", "statistic": "Programme appears in the 2025 health budget framework.", "limitations": "Budget authority is not execution or demonstrated capacity gain.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S06" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-068", "title": "Infrastructure in psychiatric hospitals and wards", "year": "2023", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Knesset Research and Information Center infrastructure/budget review", "Parliamentary capital-project review" ], "population": [ "Israeli psychiatric hospitals and general-hospital psychiatric departments", "Government psychiatric hospitals" ], "statistics": [ "Maps planned and ongoing physical-infrastructure projects.", "Documents aging buildings, renovation needs and implementation of national recommendations" ], "limitations": [ "Project announcement or allocation does not establish completion, opening or clinical effect.", "Facility-level conditions change; capital plans do not establish clinical outcomes; incomplete comparable performance data." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://fs.knesset.gov.il/globaldocs/MMM/e35b7c9d-0fce-ed11-8156-005056aac6c3/2_e35b7c9d-0fce-ed11-8156-005056aac6c3_11_20105.pdf", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "funding", "post-7-october", "hospitals-and-crisis-care" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Capital renewal and construction are separate from recurrent staffing and service budgets.", "population": "Government psychiatric hospitals", "methodology": "Parliamentary capital-project review", "statistic": "Maps planned and ongoing physical-infrastructure projects.", "limitations": "Project announcement or allocation does not establish completion, opening or clinical effect.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S30" }, { "claim": "Many psychiatric inpatient buildings require modernization to support dignity, privacy, safety and therapeutic care; physical capacity is not reducible to bed count.", "population": "Israeli psychiatric hospitals and general-hospital psychiatric departments", "methodology": "Knesset Research and Information Center infrastructure/budget review", "statistic": "Documents aging buildings, renovation needs and implementation of national recommendations", "limitations": "Facility-level conditions change; capital plans do not establish clinical outcomes; incomplete comparable performance data.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-069", "title": "Knesset RIC — Right to choose a psychiatric inpatient institution", "year": "2025", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Legal and administrative policy review" ], "population": [ "People referred for psychiatric hospitalisation" ], "statistics": [ "Report maps current referral/catchment rules and proposed choice policy." ], "limitations": [ "Policy status can change and choice is constrained by urgency, bed availability and clinical suitability." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://fs.knesset.gov.il/globaldocs/MMM/f625f312-4518-ef11-8162-005056aa4246/2_f625f312-4518-ef11-8162-005056aa4246_11_21095.pdf", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "waiting-and-access", "hospitals-and-crisis-care" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Catchment arrangements shape where psychiatric inpatients can be referred and limit practical choice.", "population": "People referred for psychiatric hospitalisation", "methodology": "Legal and administrative policy review", "statistic": "Report maps current referral/catchment rules and proposed choice policy.", "limitations": "Policy status can change and choice is constrained by urgency, bed availability and clinical suitability.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S33" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-070", "title": "Ministry of Health — 2025 budget proposal", "year": "2025", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official proposed budget" ], "population": [ "Government psychiatric hospitals" ], "statistics": [ "Approximately NIS 1.5 billion proposed for the government mental-health hospital system." ], "limitations": [ "Proposal, not audited execution; boundary differs from health-fund and general-hospital spending." ], "confidence": [ "High for proposal" ], "url": "https://gov.il/BlobFolder/dynamiccollectorresultitem/ministry-of-health-proposal-2025/he/state-budget_2025_ministry-of-health-proposal-2025.pdf", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "funding", "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "digital-mental-health" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "The Ministry’s 2025 proposal budgeted roughly NIS 1.5 billion for government mental-health hospitals.", "population": "Government psychiatric hospitals", "methodology": "Official proposed budget", "statistic": "Approximately NIS 1.5 billion proposed for the government mental-health hospital system.", "limitations": "Proposal, not audited execution; boundary differs from health-fund and general-hospital spending.", "confidence": "High for proposal", "originId": "S05" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-071", "title": "Abarbanel Mental Health Center — 2025 FOI report", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official annual institutional report" ], "population": [ "Abarbanel Mental Health Center" ], "statistics": [ "Report identifies Prof. Yuval Melamed as director and describes the academic affiliation arrangement." ], "limitations": [ "Affiliation scope should not be inferred beyond the report’s wording." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://gov.il/BlobFolder/generalpage/hofesh_hamyeda/he/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%97%20%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A9%20%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A2%202025%20.pdf", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "system-overview" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Abarbanel reported an academic affiliation agreement with Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center/Ichilov in its 2025 FOI report.", "population": "Abarbanel Mental Health Center", "methodology": "Official annual institutional report", "statistic": "Report identifies Prof. Yuval Melamed as director and describes the academic affiliation arrangement.", "limitations": "Affiliation scope should not be inferred beyond the report’s wording.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S58" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-072", "title": "Ministry of Health — Hospital Bed Plan 2023–2028", "year": "2023", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official capacity plan" ], "population": [ "National psychiatric inpatient system" ], "statistics": [ "245 additional psychiatric beds planned across named institutions." ], "limitations": [ "Plan/authorisation is not construction, licensing, staffing or opening; verify each site before publication." ], "confidence": [ "High for plan; Low for realised capacity" ], "url": "https://gov.il/BlobFolder/reports/bed-plan-2023-2028/he/units_budgets_bed-plan-2023-2028.pdf", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "post-7-october", "hospitals-and-crisis-care" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "The 2023–2028 bed plan proposed a net expansion tilted toward psychiatric departments in general hospitals.", "population": "National psychiatric inpatient system", "methodology": "Official capacity plan", "statistic": "245 additional psychiatric beds planned across named institutions.", "limitations": "Plan/authorisation is not construction, licensing, staffing or opening; verify each site before publication.", "confidence": "High for plan; Low for realised capacity", "originId": "S29" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-073", "title": "Ministry of Health — Health Professions Workforce 2023", "year": "2025", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Administrative registry series" ], "population": [ "Licensed health professionals" ], "statistics": [ "710 new psychology licences in 2023 versus 624 in 2022." ], "limitations": [ "New licences do not reveal employment, specialty, sector, district or clinical hours." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://gov.il/BlobFolder/reports/health-professions-manpower/he/files_publications_units_info_manpower2023.pdf", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "workforce", "governance-and-measurement" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "The Ministry of Health workforce publication primarily counts licences and specialist certificates, not active clinical FTE.", "population": "Licensed health professionals", "methodology": "Administrative registry series", "statistic": "710 new psychology licences in 2023 versus 624 in 2022.", "limitations": "New licences do not reveal employment, specialty, sector, district or clinical hours.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S22" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-074", "title": "Ministry of Health — Inpatient Institutions 2023", "year": "2023", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Administrative statistical report" ], "population": [ "Israeli inpatient institutions" ], "statistics": [ "Publishes trend series for licensed beds and activity by institution type." ], "limitations": [ "Licensed capacity and annual activity do not reveal daily staffing or individual waits." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://gov.il/BlobFolder/reports/inpatient-institutions-2023/he/files_publications_units_info_mosdot2023-A_trends.pdf", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "governance-and-measurement" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "The inpatient-institutions report is the authoritative 2023 source for hospital and bed trends.", "population": "Israeli inpatient institutions", "methodology": "Administrative statistical report", "statistic": "Publishes trend series for licensed beds and activity by institution type.", "limitations": "Licensed capacity and annual activity do not reveal daily staffing or individual waits.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S26" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-075", "title": "Ministry of Health — Licensed Inpatient Beds, December 2024", "year": "2024", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Administrative licensed-bed snapshot" ], "population": [ "Israeli hospitals" ], "statistics": [ "Institution-level licensed capacity as of December 2024." ], "limitations": [ "A licence does not show whether a bed is funded, staffed or open." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://gov.il/BlobFolder/reports/licensed-inpatient-hospital-beds-dec-2024/he/files_publications_units_info_beds2024_dec2024.pdf", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "funding", "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "governance-and-measurement" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "December 2024 licensed-bed data provide a later stock update than the 2023 Knesset hospital-finance report.", "population": "Israeli hospitals", "methodology": "Administrative licensed-bed snapshot", "statistic": "Institution-level licensed capacity as of December 2024.", "limitations": "A licence does not show whether a bed is funded, staffed or open.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S27" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-076", "title": "Ministry of Health — Licensed Inpatient Beds, December 2025", "year": "2025", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Administrative licensed-bed snapshot" ], "population": [ "Israeli hospitals" ], "statistics": [ "Provides institution-level licensed capacity at end-2025." ], "limitations": [ "Latest located is not necessarily latest published; staffing and availability remain unknown." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://gov.il/BlobFolder/reports/licensed-inpatient-hospital-beds-dec-2025/he/files_publications_units_info_beds2025_dec2025.pdf", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "governance-and-measurement" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "December 2025 is the latest official licensed-bed snapshot located in this acquisition pass.", "population": "Israeli hospitals", "methodology": "Administrative licensed-bed snapshot", "statistic": "Provides institution-level licensed capacity at end-2025.", "limitations": "Latest located is not necessarily latest published; staffing and availability remain unknown.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S28" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-077", "title": "Mental health among young people in Arab society", "year": "2025", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Government-commissioned policy/data review" ], "population": [ "Young Arab citizens of Israel and relevant services" ], "statistics": [ "Documents shortages of Arabic-speaking/culturally matched professionals and municipal financing constraints" ], "limitations": [ "Evidence sources vary; some indicators are descriptive and not comparable across localities." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate-high" ], "url": "https://gov.il/BlobFolder/reports/molsa-yated-menthal-health-inbar-06052025/he/Yated_Publications_menthal-health-inbar-06052025.pdf", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "funding", "waiting-and-access", "equity-and-geography", "governance-and-measurement" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Young people in Arab society face professional underrepresentation, local co-financing constraints and inadequate granular data, compounding access barriers.", "population": "Young Arab citizens of Israel and relevant services", "methodology": "Government-commissioned policy/data review", "statistic": "Documents shortages of Arabic-speaking/culturally matched professionals and municipal financing constraints", "limitations": "Evidence sources vary; some indicators are descriptive and not comparable across localities.", "confidence": "Moderate-high", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-078", "title": "Ministry of Health — Mental Health Yearbook 2021", "year": "2021", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Administrative yearbook" ], "population": [ "National mental-health services" ], "statistics": [ "Supports dated counts and trends for admissions, diagnoses and services." ], "limitations": [ "Lagged; administrative events are not unmet need or patient-reported outcomes." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://gov.il/BlobFolder/reports/mtl-yearbook-2021/he/files_publications_mental_health_mtl-yearbook-2021.pdf", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "community-and-rehabilitation" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "The mental-health yearbook provides national administrative series for inpatient and community activity.", "population": "National mental-health services", "methodology": "Administrative yearbook", "statistic": "Supports dated counts and trends for admissions, diagnoses and services.", "limitations": "Lagged; administrative events are not unmet need or patient-reported outcomes.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S25" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-079", "title": "Mental Health in Israel: Statistical Annual 2022", "year": "2024 publication (2022 data)", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "National administrative statistical yearbook" ], "population": [ "Users of Israeli mental-health inpatient, ambulatory and rehabilitation services" ], "statistics": [ "Provides annual counts/rates for admissions, beds, compulsory admissions, ambulatory care and rehabilitation" ], "limitations": [ "Administrative utilization is shaped by supply and coding; lagged publication; limited linkage to symptoms, function, unmet need and queues." ], "confidence": [ "High for defined administrative measures" ], "url": "https://gov.il/BlobFolder/reports/mtl-yearbook-2022/he/files_publications_mental_health_mtl-yearbook-2022a.pdf", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "community-and-rehabilitation", "governance-and-measurement" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Israel's official annual series documents inpatient admissions, compulsory-care indicators and community/rehabilitation activity, but it is primarily service-use reporting rather than population need or patient-reported outcome measurement.", "population": "Users of Israeli mental-health inpatient, ambulatory and rehabilitation services", "methodology": "National administrative statistical yearbook", "statistic": "Provides annual counts/rates for admissions, beds, compulsory admissions, ambulatory care and rehabilitation", "limitations": "Administrative utilization is shaped by supply and coding; lagged publication; limited linkage to symptoms, function, unmet need and queues.", "confidence": "High for defined administrative measures", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-080", "title": "Ministry of Health — National quality programme for mental-health services", "year": "2025", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official indicator framework" ], "population": [ "Mental-health providers and patients" ], "statistics": [ "Framework includes service quality and continuity measures intended for national reporting." ], "limitations": [ "Publication of indicators is not proof of complete implementation, auditability or outcome improvement." ], "confidence": [ "High for framework; Low for impact" ], "url": "https://gov.il/BlobFolder/reports/quality-national-prog-mental/he/files_publications_units_quality_assurance_division_Quality_National_Prog_mental.pdf", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "community-and-rehabilitation", "governance-and-measurement" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "A national mental-health quality framework now extends measurement beyond simple bed and visit counts.", "population": "Mental-health providers and patients", "methodology": "Official indicator framework", "statistic": "Framework includes service quality and continuity measures intended for national reporting.", "limitations": "Publication of indicators is not proof of complete implementation, auditability or outcome improvement.", "confidence": "High for framework; Low for impact", "originId": "S54" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-081", "title": "Ministry of Health response to the State Comptroller report on mental health after 7 October", "year": "2025", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official institutional response and methodological critique" ], "population": [ "National policy response" ], "statistics": [ "No independent prevalence estimate; argues distress, screen-positive symptoms, diagnosis and treatment need must be separated" ], "limitations": [ "Interested agency response; does not invalidate the audit's measured symptoms or queue findings and supplies limited alternative outcome data." ], "confidence": [ "High for the existence and content of the methodological disagreement" ], "url": "https://gov.il/en/pages/11022025-02", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "post-7-october", "demand-and-epidemiology" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "The Ministry of Health disputed treating a self-report symptom screen as a direct estimate of the population requiring professional treatment, while acknowledging severe pre-existing system constraints and a major wartime challenge.", "population": "National policy response", "methodology": "Official institutional response and methodological critique", "statistic": "No independent prevalence estimate; argues distress, screen-positive symptoms, diagnosis and treatment need must be separated", "limitations": "Interested agency response; does not invalidate the audit's measured symptoms or queue findings and supplies limited alternative outcome data.", "confidence": "High for the existence and content of the methodological disagreement", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-082", "title": "Ministry of Health — Psychiatric hospitals emergency directory", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official live directory" ], "population": [ "Psychiatric inpatient institutions" ], "statistics": [ "Confirms institution names and contact/location information." ], "limitations": [ "Directory is not exhaustive performance evidence and should not be used for ranking." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://gov.il/he/departments/dynamiccollectors/psychiatric-hospitals-emergency-health-unit", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "hospitals-and-crisis-care" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "The Ministry maintains a current official directory of principal psychiatric hospitals for emergency use.", "population": "Psychiatric inpatient institutions", "methodology": "Official live directory", "statistic": "Confirms institution names and contact/location information.", "limitations": "Directory is not exhaustive performance evidence and should not be used for ranking.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S34" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-083", "title": "Mazor Mental Health Center — Official page", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official institutional page" ], "population": [ "Mazor Mental Health Center" ], "statistics": [ "Current director: Dr Laura Sharoni." ], "limitations": [ "Title requires publication-day recheck." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://gov.il/he/departments/mazor-health-center/govil-landing-page", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "system-overview" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Dr Laura Sharoni was director of Mazor on the official page checked 16 August 2026.", "population": "Mazor Mental Health Center", "methodology": "Official institutional page", "statistic": "Current director: Dr Laura Sharoni.", "limitations": "Title requires publication-day recheck.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S61" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-084", "title": "Merhavim Mental Health Center — Official page", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official institutional page" ], "population": [ "Merhavim services and patients" ], "statistics": [ "Confirms institution identity and functions." ], "limitations": [ "Does not independently establish catchment population size, outcomes or current leadership." ], "confidence": [ "High for identity" ], "url": "https://gov.il/he/departments/mental-health-center-beer-yaacov-ness-ziona", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "hospitals-and-crisis-care" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Merhavim is a government mental-health centre serving the Beer Ya’akov/Ness Ziona complex and providing inpatient and ambulatory services.", "population": "Merhavim services and patients", "methodology": "Official institutional page", "statistic": "Confirms institution identity and functions.", "limitations": "Does not independently establish catchment population size, outcomes or current leadership.", "confidence": "High for identity", "originId": "S62" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-085", "title": "Abarbanel Mental Health Center — Management", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official institutional leadership page" ], "population": [ "Abarbanel Mental Health Center" ], "statistics": [ "Current director: Prof. Yuval Melamed." ], "limitations": [ "Titles can change; recheck immediately before publication." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://gov.il/he/departments/units/hanhalat-hamerkaz", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "system-overview" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Prof. Yuval Melamed was the director of Abarbanel on the official management page checked 16 August 2026.", "population": "Abarbanel Mental Health Center", "methodology": "Official institutional leadership page", "statistic": "Current director: Prof. Yuval Melamed.", "limitations": "Titles can change; recheck immediately before publication.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S57" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-086", "title": "Ministry of Health — Mental Health Administration", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official institutional page" ], "population": [ "National mental-health system" ], "statistics": [ "Administration oversees mental-health policy and services; MoH also owns government psychiatric centres and rehabilitation functions." ], "limitations": [ "Institutional remit alone does not reveal operational accountability at individual handoffs." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://gov.il/he/departments/units/mental_health_unit/govil-landing-page", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "community-and-rehabilitation", "governance-and-measurement" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "The Ministry of Health remains a central regulator, planner and provider even after insurance responsibility moved to health funds.", "population": "National mental-health system", "methodology": "Official institutional page", "statistic": "Administration oversees mental-health policy and services; MoH also owns government psychiatric centres and rehabilitation functions.", "limitations": "Institutional remit alone does not reveal operational accountability at individual handoffs.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S35" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-087", "title": "Ministry of Health — Medical Professions Licensing Division", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official regulator page" ], "population": [ "Medical and health professionals" ], "statistics": [ "Lists professions regulated through MoH licensing/registration." ], "limitations": [ "Some mental-health workers are regulated elsewhere or work under a base profession." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://gov.il/he/departments/units/professions_licensing_unit/govil-landing-page", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "governance-and-measurement" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Professional licensing is divided across occupation-specific statutory pathways administered by designated regulators.", "population": "Medical and health professionals", "methodology": "Official regulator page", "statistic": "Lists professions regulated through MoH licensing/registration.", "limitations": "Some mental-health workers are regulated elsewhere or work under a base profession.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S42" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-088", "title": "Ministry of Health — Psychiatric Rehabilitation Department", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official unit page" ], "population": [ "People eligible for psychiatric rehabilitation" ], "statistics": [ "Confirms national administrative responsibility." ], "limitations": [ "Mandate does not establish funded capacity, access or outcomes." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://gov.il/he/departments/units/psychiatric-rehabilitation-department", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "community-and-rehabilitation" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "The Psychiatric Rehabilitation Department is the ministry locus for community-rehabilitation policy and the rehabilitation basket.", "population": "People eligible for psychiatric rehabilitation", "methodology": "Official unit page", "statistic": "Confirms national administrative responsibility.", "limitations": "Mandate does not establish funded capacity, access or outcomes.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S39" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-089", "title": "Ministry of Health — Adoption of hospital-integration recommendations", "year": "2025", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official implementation statement" ], "population": [ "Government hospital system" ], "statistics": [ "MoH announced adoption and named intended pairings/timelines." ], "limitations": [ "Official directories in 2026 may still list institutions separately; distinguish organisational process from physical closure or completed merger." ], "confidence": [ "High for announcement; Moderate for status" ], "url": "https://gov.il/he/pages/06072025-01", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "hospitals-and-crisis-care" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "The Ministry adopted committee recommendations on integration in 2025, but institutional status remains a publication-day verification item.", "population": "Government hospital system", "methodology": "Official implementation statement", "statistic": "MoH announced adoption and named intended pairings/timelines.", "limitations": "Official directories in 2026 may still list institutions separately; distinguish organisational process from physical closure or completed merger.", "confidence": "High for announcement; Moderate for status", "originId": "S56" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-090", "title": "Ministry of Health response to State Comptroller", "year": "2025", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Formal methodological response" ], "population": [ "National population" ], "statistics": [ "MoH argued that the April 2024 self-report survey and extrapolation did not support the report’s broad conclusions." ], "limitations": [ "Institutional response does not independently quantify alternative prevalence or waits." ], "confidence": [ "High for existence of dispute" ], "url": "https://gov.il/he/pages/11022025-02", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "post-7-october" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "The Ministry of Health rejected parts of the Comptroller’s post-war burden estimate.", "population": "National population", "methodology": "Formal methodological response", "statistic": "MoH argued that the April 2024 self-report survey and extrapolation did not support the report’s broad conclusions.", "limitations": "Institutional response does not independently quantify alternative prevalence or waits.", "confidence": "High for existence of dispute", "originId": "S09" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-091", "title": "Government of Israel — National Mental Health Plan", "year": "2024", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official policy announcement" ], "population": [ "National public mental-health system" ], "statistics": [ "Annual addition stated as NIS 1.4 billion at full implementation." ], "limitations": [ "Announcement is not proof of annual execution, staff recruitment, clinical hours or outcomes." ], "confidence": [ "High for announced policy; Low for realised impact" ], "url": "https://gov.il/he/pages/15012023-02", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "hospitals-and-crisis-care" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Government described the 2024 national mental-health plan as a recurring addition reaching NIS 1.4 billion at full maturation.", "population": "National public mental-health system", "methodology": "Official policy announcement", "statistic": "Annual addition stated as NIS 1.4 billion at full implementation.", "limitations": "Announcement is not proof of annual execution, staff recruitment, clinical hours or outcomes.", "confidence": "High for announced policy; Low for realised impact", "originId": "S04" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-092", "title": "Ministry of Health — Director of Mental Health Services letter", "year": "2025", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official ministry document" ], "population": [ "Ministry of Health" ], "statistics": [ "Role verified at document date." ], "limitations": [ "Not sufficiently current to label as August 2026 without a new source; recheck before publication." ], "confidence": [ "High for 2025" ], "url": "https://gov.il/he/pages/29012025-02", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "system-overview" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Dr Gilad Bodenheimer was identified as Director of Mental Health Services in a Ministry source dated January 2025.", "population": "Ministry of Health", "methodology": "Official ministry document", "statistic": "Role verified at document date.", "limitations": "Not sufficiently current to label as August 2026 without a new source; recheck before publication.", "confidence": "High for 2025", "originId": "S63" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-093", "title": "Government Decision 2265 — Hospital integration", "year": "2024", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Government decision" ], "population": [ "Government psychiatric centres and partner general hospitals" ], "statistics": [ "Decision sets an integration roadmap intended to improve clinical and organisational continuity." ], "limitations": [ "A decision or target date is not proof of completed legal, financial or operational merger." ], "confidence": [ "High for policy; Low for completion" ], "url": "https://gov.il/he/pages/dec2265-2024", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "community-and-rehabilitation" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Government policy seeks organisational integration of standalone psychiatric hospitals with general hospitals.", "population": "Government psychiatric centres and partner general hospitals", "methodology": "Government decision", "statistic": "Decision sets an integration roadmap intended to improve clinical and organisational continuity.", "limitations": "A decision or target date is not proof of completed legal, financial or operational merger.", "confidence": "High for policy; Low for completion", "originId": "S55" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-094", "title": "Ministry of Health — Occupational-therapy licensing", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official licensing guidance" ], "population": [ "Occupational therapists" ], "statistics": [ "Professional licence is issued through MoH requirements distinct from degree accreditation." ], "limitations": [ "Does not quantify mental-health-sector employment." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://gov.il/he/pages/licensing-medical-occupational-therapy", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "governance-and-measurement" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Occupational therapy has its own Ministry of Health licensing pathway.", "population": "Occupational therapists", "methodology": "Official licensing guidance", "statistic": "Professional licence is issued through MoH requirements distinct from degree accreditation.", "limitations": "Does not quantify mental-health-sector employment.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S50" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-095", "title": "Ministry of Health — Psychology licensing", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official licensing guidance" ], "population": [ "Psychology graduates and practitioners" ], "statistics": [ "MoH operates the psychologist registration/licensing pathway and public register." ], "limitations": [ "Registration alone does not prove a clinical specialty or psychotherapy training." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://gov.il/he/pages/licensing-medical-psychology", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "workforce", "governance-and-measurement" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Psychologists require Ministry of Health registration/licensing under a distinct professional regime.", "population": "Psychology graduates and practitioners", "methodology": "Official licensing guidance", "statistic": "MoH operates the psychologist registration/licensing pathway and public register.", "limitations": "Registration alone does not prove a clinical specialty or psychotherapy training.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S44" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-096", "title": "Ministry of Health — Specialist psychologist recognition", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official specialty guidance" ], "population": [ "Registered psychologists pursuing a specialty" ], "statistics": [ "MoH defines internship, supervision and examination/committee requirements for specialist recognition." ], "limitations": [ "Requirements vary by specialty and change over time." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://gov.il/he/pages/licensing-medical-psychology-expert", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "workforce", "governance-and-measurement" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Specialist psychology recognition is separate from basic registration and from academic degree accreditation.", "population": "Registered psychologists pursuing a specialty", "methodology": "Official specialty guidance", "statistic": "MoH defines internship, supervision and examination/committee requirements for specialist recognition.", "limitations": "Requirements vary by specialty and change over time.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S45" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-097", "title": "Ministry of Health — Mental Health Reform", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official public guidance" ], "population": [ "Israeli residents under National Health Insurance" ], "statistics": [ "Health funds became responsible for insured mental-health diagnosis and treatment from July 2015." ], "limitations": [ "Guidance simplifies overlaps with hospitals, welfare, rehabilitation, municipalities and NGOs." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://gov.il/he/pages/mental-health-reform", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "community-and-rehabilitation", "reform-and-health-economics" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Health funds are the insured entry point for community psychiatric and psychotherapy services, while other responsibilities remain fragmented.", "population": "Israeli residents under National Health Insurance", "methodology": "Official public guidance", "statistic": "Health funds became responsible for insured mental-health diagnosis and treatment from July 2015.", "limitations": "Guidance simplifies overlaps with hospitals, welfare, rehabilitation, municipalities and NGOs.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S36" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-098", "title": "Ministry of Health — Licensed practitioner search", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official registry/search service" ], "population": [ "Licensed medical and health professionals" ], "statistics": [ "Enables individual credential verification." ], "limitations": [ "Absence/presence in one registry does not establish psychotherapy training, availability or quality." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://gov.il/he/service/licensed-medical-practitioners", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "governance-and-measurement" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "The public practitioner search can verify current licence/registration status for covered health professions.", "population": "Licensed medical and health professionals", "methodology": "Official registry/search service", "statistic": "Enables individual credential verification.", "limitations": "Absence/presence in one registry does not establish psychotherapy training, availability or quality.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S43" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-099", "title": "Ministry of Welfare — Registration of social workers", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official registration service" ], "population": [ "Social-work graduates and practitioners" ], "statistics": [ "Registration in the Social Workers Registry is the statutory professional gateway." ], "limitations": [ "Registration does not by itself certify a particular psychotherapy modality." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://gov.il/he/service/registration-of-social-workers-new", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "workforce", "governance-and-measurement" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Social workers are registered by the Ministry of Welfare and Social Affairs, not licensed by CHE.", "population": "Social-work graduates and practitioners", "methodology": "Official registration service", "statistic": "Registration in the Social Workers Registry is the statutory professional gateway.", "limitations": "Registration does not by itself certify a particular psychotherapy modality.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S46" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-100", "title": "Ministry of Welfare — Social-worker registry", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official registry service" ], "population": [ "Registered social workers" ], "statistics": [ "Enables verification of statutory registration." ], "limitations": [ "Registry status does not reveal specialty training, sector or current clinical practice." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://gov.il/he/service/social-workers-index", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "workforce", "governance-and-measurement" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Israel provides a separate public registry for social workers.", "population": "Registered social workers", "methodology": "Official registry service", "statistic": "Enables verification of statutory registration.", "limitations": "Registry status does not reveal specialty training, sector or current clinical practice.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S47" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-101", "title": "National Mental Health and Suicide Prevention Evaluation Framework", "year": "2025", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Australia", "methodology": [ "National evaluation framework developed with government, technical and lived-experience input" ], "population": [ "Australian mental-health and suicide-prevention programmes" ], "statistics": [ "Defines best-practice evaluation and sharing principles to support investment decisions." ], "limitations": [ "A framework improves evaluability but does not ensure compliance, data quality or programme effectiveness." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://health.gov.au/resources/publications/national-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention-evaluation-framework?language=en", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "demand-and-epidemiology", "international-benchmarking" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "National mental-health investment should be governed by consistent evaluation standards and public sharing of findings.", "population": "Australian mental-health and suicide-prevention programmes", "methodology": "National evaluation framework developed with government, technical and lived-experience input", "statistic": "Defines best-practice evaluation and sharing principles to support investment decisions.", "limitations": "A framework improves evaluability but does not ensure compliance, data quality or programme effectiveness.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "R21" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-102", "title": "Survey of private psychotherapy prices in Israel", "year": "2025", "tier": "Tier 3", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Directory-based price survey" ], "population": [ "Therapists/prices reported through a professional web directory" ], "statistics": [ "Psychologists NIS 421 +/-54; social workers NIS 371 +/-57; arts therapists NIS 366 +/-49 per session" ], "limitations": [ "Self-selected directory sample; method and geography may not represent the market; credentials and treatment length vary; contextual only." ], "confidence": [ "Low-moderate" ], "url": "https://hebpsy.net/page.asp?id=101", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "workforce", "private-care-and-household-cost" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "A 2025 Hebrew Psychology directory survey estimated mean private-session prices around NIS 421 for psychologists, NIS 371 for social workers and NIS 366 for arts therapists.", "population": "Therapists/prices reported through a professional web directory", "methodology": "Directory-based price survey", "statistic": "Psychologists NIS 421 +/-54; social workers NIS 371 +/-57; arts therapists NIS 366 +/-49 per session", "limitations": "Self-selected directory sample; method and geography may not represent the market; credentials and treatment length vary; contextual only.", "confidence": "Low-moderate", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-103", "title": "Geha Mental Health Center — Management", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 2", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official institutional leadership page" ], "population": [ "Geha Mental Health Center" ], "statistics": [ "Current director: Prof. Amir Krivoy." ], "limitations": [ "Title requires publication-day recheck; institutional page is not evidence of clinical quality." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://hospitals.clalit.co.il/geha/he/about/Pages/managment.aspx", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "system-overview" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Prof. Amir Krivoy was director of Geha on the official Clalit management page checked 16 August 2026.", "population": "Geha Mental Health Center", "methodology": "Official institutional leadership page", "statistic": "Current director: Prof. Amir Krivoy.", "limitations": "Title requires publication-day recheck; institutional page is not evidence of clinical quality.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S59" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-104", "title": "Shalvata Mental Health Center — Official home page", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 2", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official provider page" ], "population": [ "Shalvata services and patients" ], "statistics": [ "Confirms institutional functions and affiliation." ], "limitations": [ "Provider description is not independent quality or access evidence." ], "confidence": [ "High for identity" ], "url": "https://hospitals.clalit.co.il/shalvata/he/Pages/default.aspx", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "hospitals-and-crisis-care" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Shalvata is a Clalit psychiatric centre with inpatient, outpatient and specialist functions and a Tel Aviv University affiliation.", "population": "Shalvata services and patients", "methodology": "Official provider page", "statistic": "Confirms institutional functions and affiliation.", "limitations": "Provider description is not independent quality or access evidence.", "confidence": "High for identity", "originId": "S60" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-105", "title": "IMA Scientific Council — Child and adolescent psychiatry syllabus", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 2", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Professional specialty syllabus" ], "population": [ "Physicians in specialty training" ], "statistics": [ "Current syllabus specifies a five-year training pathway effective June 2026." ], "limitations": [ "Syllabus verifies training standard, not workforce capacity or completion rates." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://ima.org.il/Internship/Syllabus.aspx?SpId=51", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "workforce", "children-and-adolescents" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Child and adolescent psychiatry is a medical specialty governed through the IMA Scientific Council training framework.", "population": "Physicians in specialty training", "methodology": "Professional specialty syllabus", "statistic": "Current syllabus specifies a five-year training pathway effective June 2026.", "limitations": "Syllabus verifies training standard, not workforce capacity or completion rates.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S52" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-106", "title": "IMA Scientific Council — Recognition criteria for specialty departments", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 2", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Professional recognition criteria" ], "population": [ "Medical specialty departments and residents" ], "statistics": [ "Defines conditions for departments authorised to train specialists." ], "limitations": [ "Professional-body source; legal award/registration details should also be checked with MoH where needed." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://ima.org.il/mainsitenew/viewcategory.aspx?categoryid=1429", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "workforce", "governance-and-measurement" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Medical specialty training sites require Scientific Council recognition separate from university accreditation.", "population": "Medical specialty departments and residents", "methodology": "Professional recognition criteria", "statistic": "Defines conditions for departments authorised to train specialists.", "limitations": "Professional-body source; legal award/registration details should also be checked with MoH where needed.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S53" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-107", "title": "Financial protection in Israel: WHO health financing review", "year": "2024", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "WHO health-financing analysis of household expenditure and policy" ], "population": [ "Israeli households" ], "statistics": [ "Identifies catastrophic/impoverishing spending and recommends reducing public-to-private steering and geographic barriers" ], "limitations": [ "System-wide rather than mental-health-specific; expenditure data lag; draft/final versions may differ." ], "confidence": [ "High for system context; moderate for mental-health applicability" ], "url": "https://iris.who.int/server/api/core/bitstreams/8d96a36d-6b18-4deb-997a-3634c7c3a925/content", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "funding", "post-7-october", "private-care-and-household-cost", "equity-and-geography", "governance-and-measurement", "international-benchmarking" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Israel's health system has financial-protection gaps and incentives that can shift patients toward private payment; mental-health-specific out-of-pocket burden requires separate measurement.", "population": "Israeli households", "methodology": "WHO health-financing analysis of household expenditure and policy", "statistic": "Identifies catastrophic/impoverishing spending and recommends reducing public-to-private steering and geographic barriers", "limitations": "System-wide rather than mental-health-specific; expenditure data lag; draft/final versions may differ.", "confidence": "High for system context; moderate for mental-health applicability", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-108", "title": "Identifying barriers in receiving ambulatory mental-health care for children in Israel: a multicentre study", "year": "2025/2026 project summary", "tier": "Tier 2", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Multicentre health-policy study summary" ], "population": [ "Children referred to or needing ambulatory mental-health care and their families" ], "statistics": [ "Boys and Jewish children overrepresented among users; low-SES and non-Jewish children underrepresented; practical access barriers prominent" ], "limitations": [ "Public abstract with limited analytic detail; utilization composition is not population prevalence; date/version may update." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate" ], "url": "https://israelhpr.org.il/en/research-abstracts/identifying-barriers-in-receiving-mental-health-ambulatory-care-for-children-in-israel-a-multi-center-study", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "waiting-and-access", "children-and-adolescents", "equity-and-geography", "reform-and-health-economics" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Children from lower socioeconomic and non-Jewish groups were underrepresented in ambulatory mental-health care, with distance, long waits, poor information and stigma reported as barriers.", "population": "Children referred to or needing ambulatory mental-health care and their families", "methodology": "Multicentre health-policy study summary", "statistic": "Boys and Jewish children overrepresented among users; low-SES and non-Jewish children underrepresented; practical access barriers prominent", "limitations": "Public abstract with limited analytic detail; utilization composition is not population prevalence; date/version may update.", "confidence": "Moderate", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-109", "title": "Changes in substance use after the 7 October 2023 terrorist attack in Israel", "year": "2024", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Cross-sectional self-report survey" ], "population": [ "Approximately 968 Israeli adults surveyed after 7 October" ], "statistics": [ "19% reported any increase; alcohol 11.7%, sedatives 5.8%, cannabis 3.9%, opioids 2.1% and stimulants 1.2%" ], "limitations": [ "Self-reported change, not quantity, dependence or diagnosis; convenience/online sampling; no individual prewar measure; categories can overlap." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate-high" ], "url": "https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2821458", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "post-7-october", "digital-mental-health" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "After 7 October, 19% of surveyed adults reported increasing use of at least one substance, with specific increases varying by substance.", "population": "Approximately 968 Israeli adults surveyed after 7 October", "methodology": "Cross-sectional self-report survey", "statistic": "19% reported any increase; alcohol 11.7%, sedatives 5.8%, cannabis 3.9%, opioids 2.1% and stimulants 1.2%", "limitations": "Self-reported change, not quantity, dependence or diagnosis; convenience/online sampling; no individual prewar measure; categories can overlap.", "confidence": "Moderate-high", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-110", "title": "Measurement-Based Care to Enhance Antidepressant Treatment Outcomes in Major Depressive Disorder", "year": "2025", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Pakistan", "methodology": [ "Multicentre assessor-blinded RCT" ], "population": [ "154 adults with nonpsychotic MDD across seven Pakistani cities" ], "statistics": [ "Median response 2 vs 4 weeks and remission 4 vs 8 weeks; 12-week remission 71.9% vs 51.5%." ], "limitations": [ "Restricted medication choices and specialist study support; 24-week group differences were smaller/non-significant for some outcomes." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2838317", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "governance-and-measurement" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Measurement-based antidepressant care may accelerate response and remission in resource-constrained settings.", "population": "154 adults with nonpsychotic MDD across seven Pakistani cities", "methodology": "Multicentre assessor-blinded RCT", "statistic": "Median response 2 vs 4 weeks and remission 4 vs 8 weeks; 12-week remission 71.9% vs 51.5%.", "limitations": "Restricted medication choices and specialist study support; 24-week group differences were smaller/non-significant for some outcomes.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "R54" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-111", "title": "Stratified Care vs Stepped Care for Depression: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial", "year": "2022", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "England", "methodology": [ "Cluster RCT with economic evaluation" ], "population": [ "951 adults in English psychological-therapy services" ], "statistics": [ "Stratified care improved depression outcomes at an incremental cost of about £104.5 per patient and was likely cost-effective." ], "limitations": [ "Single service system and algorithm; needs replication and equity monitoring." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2786974", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "funding", "demand-and-epidemiology", "governance-and-measurement", "reform-and-health-economics" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Algorithmically stratified initial treatment may outperform sequential stepped care for some common disorders, so low-intensity-first should not become a rigid gate.", "population": "951 adults in English psychological-therapy services", "methodology": "Cluster RCT with economic evaluation", "statistic": "Stratified care improved depression outcomes at an incremental cost of about £104.5 per patient and was likely cost-effective.", "limitations": "Single service system and algorithm; needs replication and equity monitoring.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "R46" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-112", "title": "Providing Timely Access to Diverse Youth Mental Health Services With an Integrated Care Model", "year": "2025", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Canada", "methodology": [ "Multisite longitudinal cohort with time-to-event and multilevel models" ], "population": [ "7,889 referrals to 11 Canadian youth sites; evaluated cohort ages 11–25" ], "statistics": [ "Assessed implementation against 72-hour evaluation and 30-day service-start benchmarks; reach and timely access improved over implementation." ], "limitations": [ "No concurrent national control for all sites; secular demand and implementation heterogeneity can confound changes." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate-High" ], "url": "https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2830399", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "waiting-and-access", "children-and-adolescents", "reform-and-health-economics" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Open-referral integrated youth hubs with explicit rapid-access benchmarks can increase reach and timeliness across diverse settings.", "population": "7,889 referrals to 11 Canadian youth sites; evaluated cohort ages 11–25", "methodology": "Multisite longitudinal cohort with time-to-event and multilevel models", "statistic": "Assessed implementation against 72-hour evaluation and 30-day service-start benchmarks; reach and timely access improved over implementation.", "limitations": "No concurrent national control for all sites; secular demand and implementation heterogeneity can confound changes.", "confidence": "Moderate-High", "originId": "R24" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-113", "title": "Providing Human Support for the Use of Digital Mental Health Interventions: Systematic Meta-review", "year": "2023", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "International", "methodology": [ "Systematic meta-review" ], "population": [ "Users of digital mental-health interventions across reviewed meta-analyses" ], "statistics": [ "22 of 45 reported effect sizes significantly favoured human-supported over unsupported interventions." ], "limitations": [ "Support types, conditions and comparator intensity varied; publication overlap possible." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate-High" ], "url": "https://jmir.org/2023/1/e42864", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "digital-mental-health" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Human support often increases the effectiveness and engagement of digital mental-health interventions.", "population": "Users of digital mental-health interventions across reviewed meta-analyses", "methodology": "Systematic meta-review", "statistic": "22 of 45 reported effect sizes significantly favoured human-supported over unsupported interventions.", "limitations": "Support types, conditions and comparator intensity varied; publication overlap possible.", "confidence": "Moderate-High", "originId": "R57" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-114", "title": "Disparities in digital health utilization in Israel", "year": "2025", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Administrative/observational digital-utilization study" ], "population": [ "Israeli health-service users" ], "statistics": [ "Significant demographic and socioeconomic differences in remote-service use" ], "limitations": [ "Not all outcomes are mental-health-specific; access/use does not prove clinical effectiveness; platform changes over time." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate-high" ], "url": "https://jmir.org/2025/1/e77600", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "waiting-and-access", "equity-and-geography", "reform-and-health-economics", "digital-mental-health" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Digital care can expand reach, but use and completion vary by age, socioeconomic status, language and digital access, so telehealth alone can reproduce inequity.", "population": "Israeli health-service users", "methodology": "Administrative/observational digital-utilization study", "statistic": "Significant demographic and socioeconomic differences in remote-service use", "limitations": "Not all outcomes are mental-health-specific; access/use does not prove clinical effectiveness; platform changes over time.", "confidence": "Moderate-high", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-115", "title": "Inpatient physical detoxification rights", "year": "Updated 2025", "tier": "Tier 2", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Rights-information summary" ], "population": [ "People eligible for public inpatient drug detoxification" ], "statistics": [ "Lists NIS 600 one-time participation for adults" ], "limitations": [ "Conflicts with the current Ministry page saying free; secondary source; tariff may be obsolete or programme-specific." ], "confidence": [ "Low until provider confirmation" ], "url": "https://kolzchut.org.il/he/%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%AA-_%D7%92%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%96_%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%A4%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%99_%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "hospitals-and-crisis-care" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "The older/current rights summary lists a NIS 600 one-time public detox charge, creating a live tariff contradiction that requires direct confirmation.", "population": "People eligible for public inpatient drug detoxification", "methodology": "Rights-information summary", "statistic": "Lists NIS 600 one-time participation for adults", "limitations": "Conflicts with the current Ministry page saying free; secondary source; tariff may be obsolete or programme-specific.", "confidence": "Low until provider confirmation", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-116", "title": "State Comptroller — Child and adolescent psychiatric hospitalisation", "year": "2023", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Performance audit" ], "population": [ "Children requiring psychiatric, eating-disorder or rehabilitation care", "Children waiting for inpatient or day psychiatric treatment" ], "statistics": [ "April 2022: 553 children waiting; 258 for inpatient care for 3–7 months and 295 for day treatment for 3–12 months.", "Audit documented placement in general paediatric wards when appropriate specialist settings were unavailable." ], "limitations": [ "Snapshot; does not track all community alternatives or subsequent expansions.", "Audit finding does not imply poor conduct by paediatric staff; it is a structural pathway failure." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://library.mevaker.gov.il/sites/DigitalLibrary/Documents/2023/2023.5/2023.5-206-Children-Hospitalization-Taktzir.pdf", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "waiting-and-access", "post-7-october", "children-and-adolescents", "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "community-and-rehabilitation", "digital-mental-health" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Child psychiatric inpatient and day-treatment waits exposed a serious specialist-capacity gap before the war.", "population": "Children waiting for inpatient or day psychiatric treatment", "methodology": "Performance audit", "statistic": "April 2022: 553 children waiting; 258 for inpatient care for 3–7 months and 295 for day treatment for 3–12 months.", "limitations": "Snapshot; does not track all community alternatives or subsequent expansions.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S32" }, { "claim": "Capacity gaps led some children to be treated in settings not designed for their psychiatric needs.", "population": "Children requiring psychiatric, eating-disorder or rehabilitation care", "methodology": "Performance audit", "statistic": "Audit documented placement in general paediatric wards when appropriate specialist settings were unavailable.", "limitations": "Audit finding does not imply poor conduct by paediatric staff; it is a structural pathway failure.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S32" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-117", "title": "Aspects of the reform transferring insurance responsibility for mental-health services", "year": "2020 (principally 2015-2019 evidence)", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "State audit of reform implementation, documents, administrative data and sampled pathways", "Performance audit using administrative records and interviews", "Audit triangulating ministry and provider material", "Audit of reported contacts and budget arrangements", "Performance audit", "Performance audit of service data" ], "population": [ "Israeli health funds, Ministry of Health, sampled clinics and patients", "Israeli residents and public mental-health system", "Public mental-health workforce", "Health-fund ambulatory mental-health activity", "People needing urgent or intensive community mental-health care", "Health-fund mental-health patients", "Adults and children insured by health funds", "Districts and population groups" ], "statistics": [ "Reform effective July 2015; health funds became responsible for insured mental-health care.", "2018 reform budget about NIS 2.3 billion; planning targets were 4% of adults and 2% of children.", "Mean reported wait for psychotherapy in 2018 was about 150 days; some waits reached 12–16 months.", "The audit found that 27% of budgeted 2017 treatment contacts were not delivered or were disputed in reporting.", "Approximately 280 psychiatrist positions and 400 psychotherapist positions were described as missing or unfilled at the 2019 audit snapshot.", "Arab localities and some peripheral areas remained below planning targets for service availability/use.", "Audit documented inadequate crisis, home-visit and continuity options.", "Sampled psychotherapy average about 5 months; some pathways 12-16 months; proposed benchmark was assessment within 30 days then treatment within 4-6 weeks" ], "limitations": [ "Audit describes implementation through 2019 and is not an outcome experiment.", "Targets are planning assumptions, not observed need or adequacy thresholds.", "Wait definitions and clinic-level dispersion limit direct comparison with later survey-based waits.", "Contact accounting does not measure intensity, outcome or unmet need.", "Definitions mix positions, needs estimates and vacancies; not a 2026 workforce count.", "Does not isolate need, language, referral and supply effects.", "Service landscape has changed since the audit; current coverage needs remeasurement.", "Heterogeneous, partly sampled and historical waits; no common national denominator; not a current estimate." ], "confidence": [ "High for structural finding; moderate for national representativeness of wait values", "High", "Moderate-High" ], "url": "https://library.mevaker.gov.il/sites/DigitalLibrary/Pages/Reports/3285-11.aspx", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "funding", "workforce", "waiting-and-access", "post-7-october", "children-and-adolescents", "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "community-and-rehabilitation", "equity-and-geography", "demand-and-epidemiology", "governance-and-measurement", "reform-and-health-economics", "digital-mental-health" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "The July 2015 reform transferred insurance responsibility for mental-health services from the Ministry of Health to the four health funds.", "population": "Israeli residents and public mental-health system", "methodology": "Performance audit using administrative records and interviews", "statistic": "Reform effective July 2015; health funds became responsible for insured mental-health care.", "limitations": "Audit describes implementation through 2019 and is not an outcome experiment.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S01" }, { "claim": "The reform budget was calibrated to target treatment prevalence rather than measured current morbidity.", "population": "Adults and children insured by health funds", "methodology": "Performance audit", "statistic": "2018 reform budget about NIS 2.3 billion; planning targets were 4% of adults and 2% of children.", "limitations": "Targets are planning assumptions, not observed need or adequacy thresholds.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S01" }, { "claim": "Public psychotherapy access was already severely delayed before the 2023 war.", "population": "Health-fund mental-health patients", "methodology": "Performance audit of service data", "statistic": "Mean reported wait for psychotherapy in 2018 was about 150 days; some waits reached 12–16 months.", "limitations": "Wait definitions and clinic-level dispersion limit direct comparison with later survey-based waits.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S01" }, { "claim": "Nominal funding did not reliably convert into the planned volume of care.", "population": "Health-fund ambulatory mental-health activity", "methodology": "Audit of reported contacts and budget arrangements", "statistic": "The audit found that 27% of budgeted 2017 treatment contacts were not delivered or were disputed in reporting.", "limitations": "Contact accounting does not measure intensity, outcome or unmet need.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S01" }, { "claim": "The audit found large public staffing gaps around the reform’s implementation.", "population": "Public mental-health workforce", "methodology": "Audit triangulating ministry and provider material", "statistic": "Approximately 280 psychiatrist positions and 400 psychotherapist positions were described as missing or unfilled at the 2019 audit snapshot.", "limitations": "Definitions mix positions, needs estimates and vacancies; not a 2026 workforce count.", "confidence": "Moderate-High", "originId": "S01" }, { "claim": "Geographic and population equity goals were not met uniformly after reform.", "population": "Districts and population groups", "methodology": "Performance audit", "statistic": "Arab localities and some peripheral areas remained below planning targets for service availability/use.", "limitations": "Does not isolate need, language, referral and supply effects.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S01" }, { "claim": "Community crisis and home-treatment alternatives were insufficiently developed in the early post-reform period.", "population": "People needing urgent or intensive community mental-health care", "methodology": "Performance audit", "statistic": "Audit documented inadequate crisis, home-visit and continuity options.", "limitations": "Service landscape has changed since the audit; current coverage needs remeasurement.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S01" }, { "claim": "Long waits and the absence of nationally standardized waiting-time measurement predated the war; in sampled 2018 routes psychotherapy waits averaged about five months and some routes reached 12-16 months.", "population": "Israeli health funds, Ministry of Health, sampled clinics and patients", "methodology": "State audit of reform implementation, documents, administrative data and sampled pathways", "statistic": "Sampled psychotherapy average about 5 months; some pathways 12-16 months; proposed benchmark was assessment within 30 days then treatment within 4-6 weeks", "limitations": "Heterogeneous, partly sampled and historical waits; no common national denominator; not a current estimate.", "confidence": "High for structural finding; moderate for national representativeness of wait values", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-118", "title": "Hospitalization of children and adolescents in psychiatric and pediatric wards", "year": "2023 (queue snapshot April 2022)", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "State audit using administrative files and institutional review" ], "population": [ "Children and adolescents awaiting psychiatric inpatient or day treatment in Israel" ], "statistics": [ "258 awaited inpatient care, commonly 3-7 months; 295 awaited day treatment; some remained in unsuitable pediatric settings while awaiting mental-health, eating-disorder or rehabilitation placement" ], "limitations": [ "Snapshot, not incidence; local queue definitions and urgency differ; does not include every hidden or abandoned referral." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://library.mevaker.gov.il/sites/DigitalLibrary/Pages/Reports/7604-11.aspx", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "waiting-and-access", "post-7-october", "children-and-adolescents", "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "community-and-rehabilitation" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Child and adolescent inpatient/day capacity was already severely constrained before 7 October: in April 2022, 553 minors were recorded waiting for psychiatric hospitalization or day care.", "population": "Children and adolescents awaiting psychiatric inpatient or day treatment in Israel", "methodology": "State audit using administrative files and institutional review", "statistic": "258 awaited inpatient care, commonly 3-7 months; 295 awaited day treatment; some remained in unsuitable pediatric settings while awaiting mental-health, eating-disorder or rehabilitation placement", "limitations": "Snapshot, not incidence; local queue definitions and urgency differ; does not include every hidden or abandoned referral.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-119", "title": "Mental-health treatment following the events of 7 October", "year": "2025 (survey/service data 2023-2024)", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "State audit; cross-sectional screening survey; administrative-service and queue review", "Population survey with extrapolation", "Population survey plus audit" ], "population": [ "Representative survey of 1,010 Israeli adults plus health-plan, resilience-centre, evacuee and special-population service records", "Israeli adults in April 2024", "Adults surveyed in March–April 2024" ], "statistics": [ "Mean reported wait for public treatment was approximately 6.5 months.", "38% screened with a moderate/severe combination of PTSD, depression or anxiety; extrapolated to about 3 million adults, with about 900,000 symptomatic adults not seeking care.", "35% PTSD-screen positive, 32% depression-screen positive, 21% anxiety-screen positive; 38% at least one domain; roughly 60,000 people served in reviewed public/resilience routes; composite pathway about 6.5 months" ], "limitations": [ "Self-report; mean masks distribution; MoH disputed extrapolations from the survey.", "Screening symptoms are not diagnoses; extrapolation and survey design were formally contested by MoH.", "Screening instruments are not diagnoses; symptom domains overlap; service files omit private/NGO care and undocumented contacts; the 6.5-month figure combines stages; audit could not establish clinical need for every screen-positive respondent." ], "confidence": [ "High for audited measurements; moderate for population extrapolation", "Moderate-Low", "Moderate" ], "url": "https://library.mevaker.gov.il/sites/DigitalLibrary/Pages/Reports/8242-1.aspx", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "waiting-and-access", "post-7-october", "demand-and-epidemiology", "digital-mental-health" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Reported public treatment waits lengthened markedly after 7 October.", "population": "Adults surveyed in March–April 2024", "methodology": "Population survey plus audit", "statistic": "Mean reported wait for public treatment was approximately 6.5 months.", "limitations": "Self-report; mean masks distribution; MoH disputed extrapolations from the survey.", "confidence": "Moderate", "originId": "S08" }, { "claim": "The Comptroller estimated a very large post-war symptom burden.", "population": "Israeli adults in April 2024", "methodology": "Population survey with extrapolation", "statistic": "38% screened with a moderate/severe combination of PTSD, depression or anxiety; extrapolated to about 3 million adults, with about 900,000 symptomatic adults not seeking care.", "limitations": "Screening symptoms are not diagnoses; extrapolation and survey design were formally contested by MoH.", "confidence": "Moderate-Low", "originId": "S08" }, { "claim": "In April 2024, 38% of surveyed Israeli adults screened at moderate/severe level on at least one of PTSD, depression or anxiety; 90% of those reporting need had not sought care, and the audited health-plan pathway averaged about 6.5 months.", "population": "Representative survey of 1,010 Israeli adults plus health-plan, resilience-centre, evacuee and special-population service records", "methodology": "State audit; cross-sectional screening survey; administrative-service and queue review", "statistic": "35% PTSD-screen positive, 32% depression-screen positive, 21% anxiety-screen positive; 38% at least one domain; roughly 60,000 people served in reviewed public/resilience routes; composite pathway about 6.5 months", "limitations": "Screening instruments are not diagnoses; symptom domains overlap; service files omit private/NGO care and undocumented contacts; the 6.5-month figure combines stages; audit could not establish clinical need for every screen-positive respondent.", "confidence": "High for audited measurements; moderate for population extrapolation", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-120", "title": "Educational psychology services in local government", "year": "2025 (data through 2024)", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "State audit; administrative review; parent and service-director evidence" ], "population": [ "Israeli pupils, parents, local educational psychology services and psychologists" ], "statistics": [ "Parent-reported average time to initial service in Aug-Sep 2023: 54.6 days through educational psychology, 89.7 days through health funds and 36.7 days privately; directors estimated a 47% staffing increase over 3,370 posts was needed for optimal response" ], "limitations": [ "Parent reports and managerial estimates; service types and urgency differ; staffing need is not a causal outcome estimate." ], "confidence": [ "High for audited figures" ], "url": "https://library.mevaker.gov.il/sites/DigitalLibrary/Pages/Reports/8792-2.aspx", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "workforce", "waiting-and-access", "post-7-october", "children-and-adolescents", "private-care-and-household-cost" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Educational-psychology access and staffing were structurally inadequate before and during the war, with long waits and an obsolete staffing formula.", "population": "Israeli pupils, parents, local educational psychology services and psychologists", "methodology": "State audit; administrative review; parent and service-director evidence", "statistic": "Parent-reported average time to initial service in Aug-Sep 2023: 54.6 days through educational psychology, 89.7 days through health funds and 36.7 days privately; directors estimated a 47% staffing increase over 3,370 posts was needed for optimal response", "limitations": "Parent reports and managerial estimates; service types and urgency differ; staffing need is not a causal outcome estimate.", "confidence": "High for audited figures", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-121", "title": "Maccabi psychiatric home hospitalization", "year": "2026 (updated 15 June 2026)", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official health-fund eligibility page" ], "population": [ "Eligible Maccabi members" ], "statistics": [ "No copayment when clinically approved and arranged through contracted service" ], "limitations": [ "Eligibility and contracted capacity constrain access; not equivalent to immediate availability; no utilization/outcome denominator." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://maccabi4u.co.il/eligibilites/2047", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "funding", "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "governance-and-measurement", "digital-mental-health" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Maccabi lists authorized psychiatric home hospitalization without patient charge, but the benefit page does not establish nationwide supply or outcomes.", "population": "Eligible Maccabi members", "methodology": "Official health-fund eligibility page", "statistic": "No copayment when clinically approved and arranged through contracted service", "limitations": "Eligibility and contracted capacity constrain access; not equivalent to immediate availability; no utilization/outcome denominator.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-122", "title": "Maccabi public mental-health clinic services and copayments", "year": "Current at 16 August 2026", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official health-fund eligibility page" ], "population": [ "Eligible Maccabi members using public mental-health clinics" ], "statistics": [ "NIS 34 quarterly for listed physician/dietitian care; other listed mental-health services without copayment" ], "limitations": [ "Maccabi-specific; referral/authorization and supply apply; quarterly fee is not the cost of private care and does not establish wait." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://maccabi4u.co.il/eligibilites/2062", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "funding", "workforce", "demand-and-epidemiology" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Maccabi's public mental-health clinic pathway charges a NIS 34 quarterly fee for psychiatrist/addiction-physician/dietitian care while other listed clinic professionals are free.", "population": "Eligible Maccabi members using public mental-health clinics", "methodology": "Official health-fund eligibility page", "statistic": "NIS 34 quarterly for listed physician/dietitian care; other listed mental-health services without copayment", "limitations": "Maccabi-specific; referral/authorization and supply apply; quarterly fee is not the cost of private care and does not establish wait.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-123", "title": "Maccabi contracted/public mental-health outpatient services", "year": "Current at 16 August 2026", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official health-fund eligibility page" ], "population": [ "Eligible Maccabi members referred to public or contracted outpatient services" ], "statistics": [ "Psychiatric hospital/public contracted route no copayment; general hospital outpatient route NIS 41 quarterly" ], "limitations": [ "Fund- and route-specific; referral and availability constraints; tariffs may change." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://maccabi4u.co.il/eligibilites/2064", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "funding", "waiting-and-access", "hospitals-and-crisis-care" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "For Maccabi referrals, public or contracted psychiatric-hospital outpatient care is listed without charge, while general-hospital outpatient mental-health care has a NIS 41 quarterly fee.", "population": "Eligible Maccabi members referred to public or contracted outpatient services", "methodology": "Official health-fund eligibility page", "statistic": "Psychiatric hospital/public contracted route no copayment; general hospital outpatient route NIS 41 quarterly", "limitations": "Fund- and route-specific; referral and availability constraints; tariffs may change.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-124", "title": "Maccabi psychotherapy and psychiatric treatment eligibility", "year": "2026 (updated 28 July 2026)", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official health-fund benefit page" ], "population": [ "Eligible Maccabi members using contracted independent providers" ], "statistics": [ "NIS 70 first; NIS 170 later individual; NIS 78 group" ], "limitations": [ "Authorization, network supply and clinical pathway conditions apply; not a guaranteed appointment or fully private rate." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://maccabi4u.co.il/eligibilites/2084", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "system-overview" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "The current Maccabi contracted independent-provider route lists NIS 70 for the first psychotherapy visit, NIS 170 thereafter and NIS 78 for group care.", "population": "Eligible Maccabi members using contracted independent providers", "methodology": "Official health-fund benefit page", "statistic": "NIS 70 first; NIS 170 later individual; NIS 78 group", "limitations": "Authorization, network supply and clinical pathway conditions apply; not a guaranteed appointment or fully private rate.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-125", "title": "Knesset — Community-Based Rehabilitation Law", "year": "2000", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Legislation" ], "population": [ "People eligible for the psychiatric rehabilitation basket" ], "statistics": [ "Law establishes community rehabilitation rights and structures." ], "limitations": [ "Eligibility, funded slots and actual availability require separate administrative data." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://main.knesset.gov.il/apps/legislation/main/laws/2001236", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "community-and-rehabilitation", "reform-and-health-economics" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Psychiatric rehabilitation has a distinct statutory foundation outside the health-fund insurance reform.", "population": "People eligible for the psychiatric rehabilitation basket", "methodology": "Legislation", "statistic": "Law establishes community rehabilitation rights and structures.", "limitations": "Eligibility, funded slots and actual availability require separate administrative data.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S38" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-126", "title": "Public inpatient detoxification and rehabilitation centres", "year": "Current at 16 August 2026", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official Ministry of Health service guide" ], "population": [ "Eligible people seeking public addiction detoxification" ], "statistics": [ "Public inpatient detoxification described as free, subject to referral and eligibility" ], "limitations": [ "Programme, age, substance and provider rules vary; reconcile at booking because secondary rights guidance differs." ], "confidence": [ "High for current official page" ], "url": "https://me.health.gov.il/mental-health/therapy-rehabilitation/public-care/addiction-treatment/rehab-centers", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "waiting-and-access", "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "community-and-rehabilitation", "demand-and-epidemiology" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "The Ministry describes publicly funded inpatient detoxification as free for eligible patients, contradicting an older rights-page statement of a NIS 600 one-time charge.", "population": "Eligible people seeking public addiction detoxification", "methodology": "Official Ministry of Health service guide", "statistic": "Public inpatient detoxification described as free, subject to referral and eligibility", "limitations": "Programme, age, substance and provider rules vary; reconcile at booking because secondary rights guidance differs.", "confidence": "High for current official page", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-127", "title": "Balancing homes as an alternative to psychiatric hospitalization", "year": "Current at 16 August 2026", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official Ministry of Health service guide" ], "population": [ "Eligible Israeli adults in acute psychiatric crisis who do not require a closed inpatient setting" ], "statistics": [ "Typically intensive residential treatment for one to two months" ], "limitations": [ "Not suitable for every risk/diagnosis; availability and fund contracts vary; no national outcomes or wait dashboard on page." ], "confidence": [ "High for pathway description" ], "url": "https://me.health.gov.il/mental-health/therapy-rehabilitation/public-care/community-treatment/balancing-homes", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "community-and-rehabilitation", "international-benchmarking" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Balancing homes provide a one-to-two-month community alternative to psychiatric hospitalization for selected patients, subject to clinical fit and health-fund authorization.", "population": "Eligible Israeli adults in acute psychiatric crisis who do not require a closed inpatient setting", "methodology": "Official Ministry of Health service guide", "statistic": "Typically intensive residential treatment for one to two months", "limitations": "Not suitable for every risk/diagnosis; availability and fund contracts vary; no national outcomes or wait dashboard on page.", "confidence": "High for pathway description", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-128", "title": "Ministry of Health — Multidisciplinary mental-health clinics", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official service description" ], "population": [ "People with complex or severe mental-health needs" ], "statistics": [ "Clinics may assign a treatment coordinator and receive patients after hospital or hospital-alternative care." ], "limitations": [ "No national utilisation, staffing or continuity outcome series on the page." ], "confidence": [ "High for model; Low for realised access" ], "url": "https://me.health.gov.il/mental-health/therapy-rehabilitation/public-care/community-treatment/multidisciplinary-clinics", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "severe-mental-illness", "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "community-and-rehabilitation" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Multidisciplinary clinics are intended to coordinate complex cases and hospital-to-community transitions.", "population": "People with complex or severe mental-health needs", "methodology": "Official service description", "statistic": "Clinics may assign a treatment coordinator and receive patients after hospital or hospital-alternative care.", "limitations": "No national utilisation, staffing or continuity outcome series on the page.", "confidence": "High for model; Low for realised access", "originId": "S41" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-129", "title": "Ministry of Health — Public community treatment services", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official public pathway guidance" ], "population": [ "People seeking insured mental-health care" ], "statistics": [ "Describes principal service routes and referral structure." ], "limitations": [ "Availability, waits and contractual capacity differ by fund and district." ], "confidence": [ "High for pathway" ], "url": "https://me.health.gov.il/mental-health/therapy-rehabilitation/public-care/community-treatment/treatment-services", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "waiting-and-access", "community-and-rehabilitation" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Public community care includes multidisciplinary clinics, focused clinics, independent clinicians and other health-fund arrangements.", "population": "People seeking insured mental-health care", "methodology": "Official public pathway guidance", "statistic": "Describes principal service routes and referral structure.", "limitations": "Availability, waits and contractual capacity differ by fund and district.", "confidence": "High for pathway", "originId": "S37" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-130", "title": "Ministry of Health — Rehabilitative community service", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official service description", "Official authored service page" ], "population": [ "People needing intensive community rehabilitation", "Ministry of Health Mental Health Administration" ], "statistics": [ "Multidisciplinary residential service intended as transition from inpatient care to community.", "Named contemporary leadership role connected to rehabilitation." ], "limitations": [ "Descriptive; national capacity, waits, outcomes and regional spread were not published on the page.", "Author/byline role should be rechecked before publication." ], "confidence": [ "High for service design; Low for coverage", "High" ], "url": "https://me.health.gov.il/mental-health/therapy-rehabilitation/rehabilitation/rehabilitation-community", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "community-and-rehabilitation" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Israel has a formal 24/7 rehabilitative-community step-down model between hospital and ordinary community life.", "population": "People needing intensive community rehabilitation", "methodology": "Official service description", "statistic": "Multidisciplinary residential service intended as transition from inpatient care to community.", "limitations": "Descriptive; national capacity, waits, outcomes and regional spread were not published on the page.", "confidence": "High for service design; Low for coverage", "originId": "S40" }, { "claim": "Batya Leidner was identified as deputy director of the Mental Health Administration on a ministry page updated in 2026.", "population": "Ministry of Health Mental Health Administration", "methodology": "Official authored service page", "statistic": "Named contemporary leadership role connected to rehabilitation.", "limitations": "Author/byline role should be rechecked before publication.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S40" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-131", "title": "Waiting-list interventions for children and young people using child and adolescent mental health services: a systematic review", "year": "2024", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "International", "methodology": [ "Systematic review" ], "population": [ "Children and young people on mental-health service waiting lists" ], "statistics": [ "Identifies promising interim digital, psychoeducational and brief supports, with variable evidence." ], "limitations": [ "Small heterogeneous studies; limited safety and long-term outcome data." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate" ], "url": "https://mentalhealth.bmj.com/content/27/1/e300844", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "waiting-and-access", "children-and-adolescents", "digital-mental-health" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Low-intensity support while children and adolescents wait can reduce some symptoms, but must not legitimise long queues or substitute for indicated care.", "population": "Children and young people on mental-health service waiting lists", "methodology": "Systematic review", "statistic": "Identifies promising interim digital, psychoeducational and brief supports, with variable evidence.", "limitations": "Small heterogeneous studies; limited safety and long-term outcome data.", "confidence": "Moderate", "originId": "R64" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-132", "title": "A systematic review of measurement-based care in psychiatry: patient and clinician perspectives", "year": "2025", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "International", "methodology": [ "Systematic review of qualitative and mixed-method evidence" ], "population": [ "901 patients and 2,831 clinicians across 24 studies" ], "statistics": [ "Identifies perceived benefits for communication and decisions alongside burden, workflow and relational concerns." ], "limitations": [ "Perspective evidence does not estimate clinical effect; studies and settings heterogeneous." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate-High" ], "url": "https://mentalhealth.bmj.com/content/28/1/e301663", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "governance-and-measurement" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Measurement-based care is acceptable to many patients and clinicians but can become burdensome or reductionist if poorly integrated.", "population": "901 patients and 2,831 clinicians across 24 studies", "methodology": "Systematic review of qualitative and mixed-method evidence", "statistic": "Identifies perceived benefits for communication and decisions alongside burden, workflow and relational concerns.", "limitations": "Perspective evidence does not estimate clinical effect; studies and settings heterogeneous.", "confidence": "Moderate-High", "originId": "R55" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-133", "title": "Meuhedet mental-health copayments", "year": "Current at 16 August 2026", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official health-fund tariff page" ], "population": [ "Eligible Meuhedet members" ], "statistics": [ "NIS 70.50 first; NIS 170 later individual; NIS 78 group" ], "limitations": [ "Page warns tariffs may change; route-specific authorization and availability apply; no inference about wait." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://meuhedet.co.il/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A2-%D7%9C%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%97/%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D/%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D-%D7%91%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A4%D7%A9", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "funding" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Meuhedet lists near-identical contracted psychotherapy copayments: NIS 70.50 first, NIS 170 subsequent and NIS 78 group.", "population": "Eligible Meuhedet members", "methodology": "Official health-fund tariff page", "statistic": "NIS 70.50 first; NIS 170 later individual; NIS 78 group", "limitations": "Page warns tariffs may change; route-specific authorization and availability apply; no inference about wait.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-134", "title": "Private psychiatrist prices in Israel", "year": "Current at 16 August 2026", "tier": "Tier 3", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Provider-authored price guide" ], "population": [ "Private-pay psychiatry market" ], "statistics": [ "Initial NIS 1,000-2,500; follow-up NIS 450-1,400" ], "limitations": [ "Commercial contextual source, not a representative tariff survey; complexity, duration, location and reports change price; verify quote before booking." ], "confidence": [ "Low-moderate" ], "url": "https://mindme.co.il/%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A8-%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99-%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A8", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "workforce", "private-care-and-household-cost" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "A private psychiatry provider's published market guide places initial consultations at roughly NIS 1,000-2,500 and follow-ups at NIS 450-1,400.", "population": "Private-pay psychiatry market", "methodology": "Provider-authored price guide", "statistic": "Initial NIS 1,000-2,500; follow-up NIS 450-1,400", "limitations": "Commercial contextual source, not a representative tariff survey; complexity, duration, location and reports change price; verify quote before booking.", "confidence": "Low-moderate", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-135", "title": "Mental health among Israeli evacuees and non-evacuees during prolonged war", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Cross-sectional survey" ], "population": [ "636 Israeli Jewish adults, including 300 evacuees" ], "statistics": [ "45.7% of evacuees versus 32.4% of non-evacuees crossed the study's probable-PTSD threshold" ], "limitations": [ "Convenience/self-selection; Jewish sample only; cross-sectional; probable PTSD not diagnosis; exposure and displacement differ." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate" ], "url": "https://nature.com/articles/s41598-026-36246-2", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "post-7-october", "demand-and-epidemiology" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Evacuees reported higher probable PTSD than non-evacuees in a later cross-sectional study, but selection and population restrictions limit national inference.", "population": "636 Israeli Jewish adults, including 300 evacuees", "methodology": "Cross-sectional survey", "statistic": "45.7% of evacuees versus 32.4% of non-evacuees crossed the study's probable-PTSD threshold", "limitations": "Convenience/self-selection; Jewish sample only; cross-sectional; probable PTSD not diagnosis; exposure and displacement differ.", "confidence": "Moderate", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-136", "title": "Systematic review of economic evaluations for internet- and mobile-based interventions for mental health problems", "year": "2022", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "International", "methodology": [ "Systematic review of full economic evaluations alongside RCTs" ], "population": [ "36 trial-based economic evaluations" ], "statistics": [ "Guided iCBT for anxiety and MDD often had high probability of cost-effectiveness." ], "limitations": [ "Short horizons common; heterogeneity in perspectives, disorders and comparators; sparse evidence for several conditions." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate-High" ], "url": "https://nature.com/articles/s41746-022-00702-w", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "funding", "demand-and-epidemiology", "reform-and-health-economics", "digital-mental-health" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Guided internet/mobile interventions are often cost-effective for depression and anxiety, but the economic literature is too heterogeneous for a universal savings claim.", "population": "36 trial-based economic evaluations", "methodology": "Systematic review of full economic evaluations alongside RCTs", "statistic": "Guided iCBT for anxiety and MDD often had high probability of cost-effectiveness.", "limitations": "Short horizons common; heterogeneity in perspectives, disorders and comparators; sparse evidence for several conditions.", "confidence": "Moderate-High", "originId": "R61" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-137", "title": "Depression in adults: treatment and management (NG222)", "year": "2022", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "United Kingdom", "methodology": [ "NICE evidence-based guideline" ], "population": [ "Adults with depression in UK clinical services" ], "statistics": [ "Defines stepped/matched care and monitoring-driven step-up." ], "limitations": [ "Guideline recommendations are not a national capacity estimate; specialist bypass is necessary for severity/risk." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://nice.org.uk/guidance/ng222/chapter/recommendations", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "demand-and-epidemiology", "digital-mental-health" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Stepped or matched care must be self-correcting: start with the least intrusive effective option appropriate to need and escalate promptly when response is inadequate.", "population": "Adults with depression in UK clinical services", "methodology": "NICE evidence-based guideline", "statistic": "Defines stepped/matched care and monitoring-driven step-up.", "limitations": "Guideline recommendations are not a national capacity estimate; specialist bypass is necessary for severity/risk.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "R27" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-138", "title": "A New Benchmark for Mental Health Systems", "year": "2021", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "OECD", "methodology": [ "OECD comparative policy framework and indicator synthesis" ], "population": [ "OECD member-country mental-health systems" ], "statistics": [ "Defines six dimensions of a high-performing mental-health system and an internationally comparable indicator framework." ], "limitations": [ "Data availability and definitions vary across countries; benchmark is not a causal evaluation." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://oecd.org/en/publications/a-new-benchmark-for-mental-health-systems_4ed890f6-en.html", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "waiting-and-access", "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "equity-and-geography", "governance-and-measurement", "international-benchmarking" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Mental-health system performance should be assessed across access, quality, integration, prevention, person-centredness and outcomes rather than by beds or contacts alone.", "population": "OECD member-country mental-health systems", "methodology": "OECD comparative policy framework and indicator synthesis", "statistic": "Defines six dimensions of a high-performing mental-health system and an internationally comparable indicator framework.", "limitations": "Data availability and definitions vary across countries; benchmark is not a causal evaluation.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "R01" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-139", "title": "Denmark: Country Health Profile 2023", "year": "2023", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Denmark", "methodology": [ "OECD/European Observatory country profile with mental-health spotlight" ], "population": [ "Denmark health system" ], "statistics": [ "Provides a comparative account of Danish access, financing, mental-health need and policy response." ], "limitations": [ "Country profile does not establish causal effects of the still-implementing 10-year plan." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://oecd.org/en/publications/denmark-country-health-profile-2023_e4f0bee3-en.html", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "funding", "waiting-and-access", "community-and-rehabilitation", "governance-and-measurement", "international-benchmarking", "reform-and-health-economics" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Denmark's reform illustrates a multi-year mental-health settlement that links recurrent funding, clinical and social psychiatry, rehabilitation, early intervention and indicators.", "population": "Denmark health system", "methodology": "OECD/European Observatory country profile with mental-health spotlight", "statistic": "Provides a comparative account of Danish access, financing, mental-health need and policy response.", "limitations": "Country profile does not establish causal effects of the still-implementing 10-year plan.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "R09" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-140", "title": "Mental health: Health at a Glance 2023", "year": "2023", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "OECD", "methodology": [ "Comparative official-indicator report" ], "population": [ "OECD countries" ], "statistics": [ "Presents comparable indicators on mental distress, suicide and service-related outcomes." ], "limitations": [ "Many mental-health indicators use different survey years and instruments; rankings can mislead." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://oecd.org/en/publications/health-at-a-glance-2023_7a7afb35-en/full-report/mental-health_af4ca002.html", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "waiting-and-access", "equity-and-geography", "demand-and-epidemiology", "governance-and-measurement", "international-benchmarking" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "OECD mental-health comparison requires harmonised definitions and should combine population state, service access and outcome indicators.", "population": "OECD countries", "methodology": "Comparative official-indicator report", "statistic": "Presents comparable indicators on mental distress, suicide and service-related outcomes.", "limitations": "Many mental-health indicators use different survey years and instruments; rankings can mislead.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "R05" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-141", "title": "OECD Health at a Glance 2025 — Israel", "year": "2025", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel and OECD", "methodology": [ "Standardised international indicators" ], "population": [ "Israel and OECD member systems" ], "statistics": [ "Health spending about USD PPP 4,352 per capita versus OECD average USD PPP 5,967; 7.6% of GDP versus 9.3%." ], "limitations": [ "Total health spending cannot be used as a mental-health expenditure estimate." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://oecd.org/en/publications/health-at-a-glance-2025_15a55280-en/israel_b3600fbc-en.html", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "governance-and-measurement", "international-benchmarking" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Israel spends less on health overall than the OECD average, but that does not establish the mental-health share.", "population": "Israel and OECD member systems", "methodology": "Standardised international indicators", "statistic": "Health spending about USD PPP 4,352 per capita versus OECD average USD PPP 5,967; 7.6% of GDP versus 9.3%.", "limitations": "Total health spending cannot be used as a mental-health expenditure estimate.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S70" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-142", "title": "OECD — Care for People with Mental Health Disorders", "year": "2025", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "OECD including Israel where reported", "methodology": [ "Standardised comparative chapter" ], "population": [ "OECD health systems" ], "statistics": [ "Defines and reports selected mental-health care indicators across countries." ], "limitations": [ "Availability and coding vary; Israel is not present for every indicator." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://oecd.org/en/publications/health-at-a-glance-2025_8f9e3f98-en/full-report/care-for-people-with-mental-health-disorders_93180f8c.html", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "community-and-rehabilitation", "governance-and-measurement", "international-benchmarking" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "OECD mental-health indicators support comparison of continuity and outcome mechanisms rather than a simplistic hospital ranking.", "population": "OECD health systems", "methodology": "Standardised comparative chapter", "statistic": "Defines and reports selected mental-health care indicators across countries.", "limitations": "Availability and coding vary; Israel is not present for every indicator.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S71" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-143", "title": "OECD — Hospital Beds and Occupancy", "year": "2025", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "OECD including Israel where reported", "methodology": [ "Standardised comparative chapter" ], "population": [ "OECD health systems" ], "statistics": [ "Provides cross-national bed and occupancy definitions and comparisons." ], "limitations": [ "Mental-health-specific data may be incomplete; national licensed-bed series use different concepts." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://oecd.org/en/publications/health-at-a-glance-2025_8f9e3f98-en/full-report/hospital-beds-and-occupancy_152d839e.html", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "governance-and-measurement", "international-benchmarking" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Hospital-bed and occupancy indicators require consistent bed definitions and should not be mixed with staffed-bed availability.", "population": "OECD health systems", "methodology": "Standardised comparative chapter", "statistic": "Provides cross-national bed and occupancy definitions and comparisons.", "limitations": "Mental-health-specific data may be incomplete; national licensed-bed series use different concepts.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S72" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-144", "title": "Health at a Glance: Europe 2024", "year": "2024", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Europe", "methodology": [ "OECD/European Commission comparative indicator synthesis" ], "population": [ "EU and associated European health systems" ], "statistics": [ "Twenty EU countries reported doctor shortages and 15 nurse shortages in 2022–2023; estimated combined shortfall was about 1.2 million doctors, nurses and midwives in 2022 under UHC thresholds." ], "limitations": [ "Aggregate health-workforce estimates are not mental-health-specific and threshold assumptions matter." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://oecd.org/en/publications/health-at-a-glance-europe-2024_b3704e14-en.html", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "workforce", "post-7-october", "governance-and-measurement", "international-benchmarking" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "European benchmarking shows workforce shortages are a system-wide constraint and warns against assuming that money instantly becomes staffed services.", "population": "EU and associated European health systems", "methodology": "OECD/European Commission comparative indicator synthesis", "statistic": "Twenty EU countries reported doctor shortages and 15 nurse shortages in 2022–2023; estimated combined shortfall was about 1.2 million doctors, nurses and midwives in 2022 under UHC thresholds.", "limitations": "Aggregate health-workforce estimates are not mental-health-specific and threshold assumptions matter.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "R07" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-145", "title": "Prompt Mental Health Care: OECD Best Practice Case Study", "year": "2025", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Norway/OECD", "methodology": [ "OECD case study using an RCT, long-term follow-up and system-level economic modelling" ], "population": [ "Norwegian adults 16+ with mild-to-moderate depression/anxiety; modelled OECD/EU transfer" ], "statistics": [ "Reports an 83% relative increase in recovery at 6 months; 75 teams in 88 municipalities serving about 23,500 annually; modelled cost-effective in all assessed countries." ], "limitations": [ "Evidence quality rated moderate; modelled transfer assumes local delivery costs and effects; not for high-risk/specialist cases." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate-High" ], "url": "https://oecd.org/en/publications/mental-health-promotion-and-prevention_88bbe914-en/full-report/prompt-mental-health-care_9a9ca5db.html", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "funding", "workforce", "waiting-and-access", "demand-and-epidemiology", "international-benchmarking", "reform-and-health-economics" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Low-threshold, self-referral, therapist-guided stepped CBT can widen access for mild-to-moderate depression/anxiety and may be cost-effective, but depends on workforce and monitoring.", "population": "Norwegian adults 16+ with mild-to-moderate depression/anxiety; modelled OECD/EU transfer", "methodology": "OECD case study using an RCT, long-term follow-up and system-level economic modelling", "statistic": "Reports an 83% relative increase in recovery at 6 months; 75 teams in 88 municipalities serving about 23,500 annually; modelled cost-effective in all assessed countries.", "limitations": "Evidence quality rated moderate; modelled transfer assumes local delivery costs and effects; not for high-risk/specialist cases.", "confidence": "Moderate-High", "originId": "R14" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-146", "title": "Netherlands: Country Health Profile 2023", "year": "2023", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Netherlands", "methodology": [ "OECD/European Observatory country profile with a mental-health spotlight" ], "population": [ "Netherlands health system" ], "statistics": [ "Maps financing, access, resilience and mental-health services in a regulated insurance system." ], "limitations": [ "Descriptive profile; Dutch insurer, gatekeeping and municipal arrangements are not directly portable to Israel." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://oecd.org/en/publications/netherlands-country-health-profile-2023_3110840c-en.html", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "funding", "waiting-and-access", "governance-and-measurement", "international-benchmarking" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "The Netherlands offers useful lessons in insured specialist care and primary-care mental-health roles, but also demonstrates that universal coverage does not eliminate specialist waiting.", "population": "Netherlands health system", "methodology": "OECD/European Observatory country profile with a mental-health spotlight", "statistic": "Maps financing, access, resilience and mental-health services in a regulated insurance system.", "limitations": "Descriptive profile; Dutch insurer, gatekeeping and municipal arrangements are not directly portable to Israel.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "R08" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-147", "title": "Norway: Country Health Profile 2023", "year": "2023", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Norway", "methodology": [ "OECD/European Observatory country profile with mental-health spotlight" ], "population": [ "Norway health system" ], "statistics": [ "Describes national and municipal responsibilities, mental-health burden and service access." ], "limitations": [ "Norwegian fiscal capacity and municipal structure differ markedly from Israel." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://oecd.org/en/publications/norway-country-health-profile-2023_256fd7cf-en.html", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "waiting-and-access", "governance-and-measurement", "international-benchmarking" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Norway combines strong specialist capacity with municipal low-threshold services; high national resources do not by themselves remove coordination and access gaps.", "population": "Norway health system", "methodology": "OECD/European Observatory country profile with mental-health spotlight", "statistic": "Describes national and municipal responsibilities, mental-health burden and service access.", "limitations": "Norwegian fiscal capacity and municipal structure differ markedly from Israel.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "R11" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-148", "title": "The Economic Case for Preventing Mental Ill Health", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "OECD", "methodology": [ "OECD evidence synthesis and economic modelling of best practices" ], "population": [ "OECD/EU populations and selected preventive programmes" ], "statistics": [ "Finds favourable health and economic returns for selected programmes while modelling costs, time and transferability." ], "limitations": [ "Modelled effects depend on uptake, fidelity, local prices and baseline services; not every programme is cost-saving." ], "confidence": [ "High for framework; Moderate for Israel-specific magnitude" ], "url": "https://oecd.org/en/publications/the-economic-case-for-preventing-mental-ill-health_16668f16-en.html", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "equity-and-geography", "international-benchmarking", "reform-and-health-economics" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Prevention investment should be selected by intervention-specific evidence and equity, not by a generic claim that all prevention saves money.", "population": "OECD/EU populations and selected preventive programmes", "methodology": "OECD evidence synthesis and economic modelling of best practices", "statistic": "Finds favourable health and economic returns for selected programmes while modelling costs, time and transferability.", "limitations": "Modelled effects depend on uptake, fidelity, local prices and baseline services; not every programme is cost-saving.", "confidence": "High for framework; Moderate for Israel-specific magnitude", "originId": "R74" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-149", "title": "Waiting Times for Health Services: Next in Line", "year": "2020", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "OECD", "methodology": [ "Comparative policy review" ], "population": [ "OECD health systems, including mental-health services" ], "statistics": [ "Catalogues maximum-wait policies and supply- and demand-side responses across OECD systems." ], "limitations": [ "Mental-health data were sparser than elective-care data and predate the post-pandemic demand shock." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://oecd.org/en/publications/waiting-times-for-health-services_242e3c8c-en.html", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "waiting-and-access", "children-and-adolescents", "private-care-and-household-cost", "governance-and-measurement", "international-benchmarking" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Waiting-time targets work only when combined with supply, productivity, triage and transparent pathway measurement; targets alone can shift or hide queues.", "population": "OECD health systems, including mental-health services", "methodology": "Comparative policy review", "statistic": "Catalogues maximum-wait policies and supply- and demand-side responses across OECD systems.", "limitations": "Mental-health data were sparser than elective-care data and predate the post-pandemic demand shock.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "R06" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-150", "title": "Understanding the factors that affect retention within the mental health nursing workforce: a systematic review and thematic synthesis", "year": "2021", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "International", "methodology": [ "Systematic review and thematic synthesis" ], "population": [ "Mental-health nurses across international studies" ], "statistics": [ "Finds multilevel individual, team and organisational determinants of retention." ], "limitations": [ "Predominantly observational/qualitative studies; jurisdictions and roles vary." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate-High" ], "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/inm.12904", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "workforce", "international-benchmarking" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Mental-health nursing retention depends on workload, leadership, team climate, safety, development and flexibility; salary-only strategies are incomplete.", "population": "Mental-health nurses across international studies", "methodology": "Systematic review and thematic synthesis", "statistic": "Finds multilevel individual, team and organisational determinants of retention.", "limitations": "Predominantly observational/qualitative studies; jurisdictions and roles vary.", "confidence": "Moderate-High", "originId": "R67" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-151", "title": "What accounts for turnover intention in the Australian public mental health workforce?", "year": "2023", "tier": "Tier 2", "jurisdiction": "Australia", "methodology": [ "Cross-sectional workforce survey" ], "population": [ "Australian public mental-health workers in metropolitan and rural services" ], "statistics": [ "Understaffing, burnout and low job satisfaction were associated with turnover intention; sample mean burnout exceeded the study's high-burnout cut-off." ], "limitations": [ "Cross-sectional self-report; intention does not equal departure and reverse causality is possible." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate" ], "url": "https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/rest/bitstreams/76947e72-0e2b-46c4-84e5-7636a90dd771/retrieve", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "workforce", "international-benchmarking" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Understaffing, burnout and job dissatisfaction are associated with intention to leave the public mental-health workforce, including in rural services.", "population": "Australian public mental-health workers in metropolitan and rural services", "methodology": "Cross-sectional workforce survey", "statistic": "Understaffing, burnout and low job satisfaction were associated with turnover intention; sample mean burnout exceeded the study's high-burnout cut-off.", "limitations": "Cross-sectional self-report; intention does not equal departure and reverse causality is possible.", "confidence": "Moderate", "originId": "R68" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-152", "title": "Mental Health Inquiry Report", "year": "2020", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Australia", "methodology": [ "National Productivity Commission inquiry with economic modelling and public evidence" ], "population": [ "Australian population and service system" ], "statistics": [ "Priority reforms were estimated to deliver about A$17 billion of annual benefits, cost up to A$2.4 billion and generate up to A$1.2 billion in annual savings." ], "limitations": [ "Modelled benefits depend on valuation and implementation assumptions; Australian federal arrangements differ from Israel." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate-High" ], "url": "https://pc.gov.au/inquiries-and-research/mental-health/report", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "private-care-and-household-cost", "international-benchmarking", "reform-and-health-economics" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Large-scale mental-health reform can generate benefits far exceeding programme costs when quality of life, participation and downstream savings are counted.", "population": "Australian population and service system", "methodology": "National Productivity Commission inquiry with economic modelling and public evidence", "statistic": "Priority reforms were estimated to deliver about A$17 billion of annual benefits, cost up to A$2.4 billion and generate up to A$1.2 billion in annual savings.", "limitations": "Modelled benefits depend on valuation and implementation assumptions; Australian federal arrangements differ from Israel.", "confidence": "Moderate-High", "originId": "R18" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-153", "title": "Barriers to mental-health service use among Palestinian-Arab citizens of Israel", "year": "2023", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Survey/observational study of help-seeking barriers" ], "population": [ "Palestinian-Arab adults in Israel" ], "statistics": [ "Multiple attitudinal and instrumental barriers associated with lower intended/actual use" ], "limitations": [ "Non-probability sampling and self-report; cannot quantify the national treatment gap or assign causality." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate" ], "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10248296", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "equity-and-geography" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Palestinian-Arab citizens' mental-health underuse reflects interacting attitudinal, stigma, knowledge, trust and practical barriers rather than a single cultural explanation.", "population": "Palestinian-Arab adults in Israel", "methodology": "Survey/observational study of help-seeking barriers", "statistic": "Multiple attitudinal and instrumental barriers associated with lower intended/actual use", "limitations": "Non-probability sampling and self-report; cannot quantify the national treatment gap or assign causality.", "confidence": "Moderate", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-154", "title": "Hospitalizations for anorexia nervosa and atypical anorexia nervosa before and during COVID-19 in Israel", "year": "2023", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Retrospective hospital cohort/time comparison" ], "population": [ "Israeli children/adolescents hospitalized for restrictive eating disorders" ], "statistics": [ "Increased admissions and/or severity indicators during the pandemic period" ], "limitations": [ "Hospital data are supply- and referral-sensitive; not population incidence; pandemic periods differ." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate-high" ], "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10360262", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "children-and-adolescents", "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "demand-and-epidemiology", "governance-and-measurement" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Hospitalization for anorexia nervosa and atypical anorexia increased among young people during the pandemic, consistent with more severe presentations.", "population": "Israeli children/adolescents hospitalized for restrictive eating disorders", "methodology": "Retrospective hospital cohort/time comparison", "statistic": "Increased admissions and/or severity indicators during the pandemic period", "limitations": "Hospital data are supply- and referral-sensitive; not population incidence; pandemic periods differ.", "confidence": "Moderate-high", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-155", "title": "Economic benefits of substance use disorder treatment: a systematic literature review", "year": "2023", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "International, predominantly United States", "methodology": [ "Systematic review with 2021 USD standardisation" ], "population": [ "Economic evaluations of SUD interventions published 2003–2021" ], "statistics": [ "Overall synthesis supports positive economic benefits for multiple treatment types." ], "limitations": [ "US-heavy evidence; large intervention and method heterogeneity; justice savings may not accrue to the health budget." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate-High" ], "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10530001", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "private-care-and-household-cost", "reform-and-health-economics" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Substance-use treatment can produce economic benefits across health, productivity and justice domains, but return estimates vary widely by intervention and perspective.", "population": "Economic evaluations of SUD interventions published 2003–2021", "methodology": "Systematic review with 2021 USD standardisation", "statistic": "Overall synthesis supports positive economic benefits for multiple treatment types.", "limitations": "US-heavy evidence; large intervention and method heterogeneity; justice savings may not accrue to the health budget.", "confidence": "Moderate-High", "originId": "R40" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-156", "title": "Follow-Up Timing After Discharge and Suicide Risk Among Patients Hospitalized With Psychiatric Illness", "year": "2023", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "South Korea", "methodology": [ "Population-based retrospective cohort" ], "population": [ "76,462 psychiatric discharges in South Korea" ], "statistics": [ "Earlier follow-up was associated with lower suicide risk, supporting intensive immediate continuity." ], "limitations": [ "Observational; residual confounding, treatment selection and national-system differences." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate" ], "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10562943", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "community-and-rehabilitation", "demand-and-epidemiology", "governance-and-measurement" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Earlier outpatient follow-up after psychiatric discharge is associated with lower suicide risk in some large observational data.", "population": "76,462 psychiatric discharges in South Korea", "methodology": "Population-based retrospective cohort", "statistic": "Earlier follow-up was associated with lower suicide risk, supporting intensive immediate continuity.", "limitations": "Observational; residual confounding, treatment selection and national-system differences.", "confidence": "Moderate", "originId": "R51" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-157", "title": "Rapid Access Addiction Medicine Clinics for People With Problematic Opioid Use", "year": "2023", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Canada", "methodology": [ "Retrospective matched cohort study" ], "population": [ "876 people with problematic opioid use in Ontario" ], "statistics": [ "RAAM care was associated with reductions in emergency visits, hospitalisations and mortality." ], "limitations": [ "Observational design; residual confounding and selection into clinic care; opioid-focused Canadian model." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate" ], "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10665968", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "waiting-and-access", "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "community-and-rehabilitation", "demand-and-epidemiology", "reform-and-health-economics" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Low-barrier rapid-access addiction clinics can improve continuity and reduce acute-care use, but causal certainty remains limited.", "population": "876 people with problematic opioid use in Ontario", "methodology": "Retrospective matched cohort study", "statistic": "RAAM care was associated with reductions in emergency visits, hospitalisations and mortality.", "limitations": "Observational design; residual confounding and selection into clinic care; opioid-focused Canadian model.", "confidence": "Moderate", "originId": "R25" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-158", "title": "Factors Influencing Turnover and Attrition in the Public Behavioral Health System Workforce", "year": "2023", "tier": "Tier 2", "jurisdiction": "United States", "methodology": [ "Qualitative workforce study" ], "population": [ "Public behavioural-health workforce stakeholders in the United States" ], "statistics": [ "Identifies inequitable distribution, burnout, recruitment difficulty, compensation and organisational conditions as interacting drivers." ], "limitations": [ "US context and qualitative design; turnover intention is not actual attrition." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate" ], "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10756926", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "workforce" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Public behavioural-health attrition reflects interacting pay, workload, supervision, organisational climate and career-development factors, not burnout alone.", "population": "Public behavioural-health workforce stakeholders in the United States", "methodology": "Qualitative workforce study", "statistic": "Identifies inequitable distribution, burnout, recruitment difficulty, compensation and organisational conditions as interacting drivers.", "limitations": "US context and qualitative design; turnover intention is not actual attrition.", "confidence": "Moderate", "originId": "R65" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-159", "title": "Association of 7-Day Follow-Up With 6-Month Suicide Mortality Among Patients Discharged From Psychiatric Hospitals", "year": "2023", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "United States", "methodology": [ "Observational cohort" ], "population": [ "United States psychiatric discharges in administrative data" ], "statistics": [ "Only 39.3% received 7-day follow-up; follow-up was associated with 41% higher observed suicide risk, plausibly reflecting risk selection rather than harm." ], "limitations": [ "Strong confounding by indication; cannot estimate causal benefit or harm." ], "confidence": [ "High as contradiction; Low for causal effect" ], "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10841311", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "demand-and-epidemiology", "governance-and-measurement" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Seven-day follow-up is not proven by all observational studies to reduce suicide; high-risk patients may be preferentially followed, creating confounding by indication.", "population": "United States psychiatric discharges in administrative data", "methodology": "Observational cohort", "statistic": "Only 39.3% received 7-day follow-up; follow-up was associated with 41% higher observed suicide risk, plausibly reflecting risk selection rather than harm.", "limitations": "Strong confounding by indication; cannot estimate causal benefit or harm.", "confidence": "High as contradiction; Low for causal effect", "originId": "R52" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-160", "title": "Community rehabilitation and psychiatric rehospitalization in Israel", "year": "2024", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Retrospective administrative cohort" ], "population": [ "Israeli adults with severe mental illness after psychiatric hospitalization" ], "statistics": [ "Use of rehabilitation services associated with lower/subsequent rehospitalization risk" ], "limitations": [ "Observational confounding and eligibility/engagement selection; service intensity heterogeneous." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate-high" ], "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10993576", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "severe-mental-illness", "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "community-and-rehabilitation" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Community psychiatric rehabilitation is associated with lower rehospitalization among people with severe mental illness, although selection into rehabilitation complicates causal inference.", "population": "Israeli adults with severe mental illness after psychiatric hospitalization", "methodology": "Retrospective administrative cohort", "statistic": "Use of rehabilitation services associated with lower/subsequent rehospitalization risk", "limitations": "Observational confounding and eligibility/engagement selection; service intensity heterogeneous.", "confidence": "Moderate-high", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-161", "title": "Duration of Untreated Psychosis and Outcomes in First-Episode Psychosis: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis", "year": "2024", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "International", "methodology": [ "Systematic review and meta-analysis" ], "population": [ "People with first-episode psychosis across international studies" ], "statistics": [ "Finds robust associations between longer untreated duration and worse symptom/function outcomes." ], "limitations": [ "Observational exposure; confounding by illness characteristics and pathway factors; association is not full proof of causality." ], "confidence": [ "High for association; Moderate for causal magnitude" ], "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11283197", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "severe-mental-illness", "governance-and-measurement", "international-benchmarking" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Longer duration of untreated psychosis is associated with poorer outcomes, supporting rapid detection and treatment while avoiding deterministic claims.", "population": "People with first-episode psychosis across international studies", "methodology": "Systematic review and meta-analysis", "statistic": "Finds robust associations between longer untreated duration and worse symptom/function outcomes.", "limitations": "Observational exposure; confounding by illness characteristics and pathway factors; association is not full proof of causality.", "confidence": "High for association; Moderate for causal magnitude", "originId": "R34" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-162", "title": "Economic evaluation and costs of telepsychiatry programmes: a systematic review", "year": "2020", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "International", "methodology": [ "Systematic review of economic evidence" ], "population": [ "Telepsychiatry programmes internationally" ], "statistics": [ "Finds potential cost advantages, especially where travel is substantial, but inconsistent methods." ], "limitations": [ "Few full economic evaluations; technology, wages and utilisation change rapidly." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate" ], "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11694481", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "international-benchmarking", "reform-and-health-economics", "digital-mental-health" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Telepsychiatry may save travel and extend reach, but economic claims are limited by inconsistent costing and short horizons.", "population": "Telepsychiatry programmes internationally", "methodology": "Systematic review of economic evidence", "statistic": "Finds potential cost advantages, especially where travel is substantial, but inconsistent methods.", "limitations": "Few full economic evaluations; technology, wages and utilisation change rapidly.", "confidence": "Moderate", "originId": "R59" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-163", "title": "Krivoy and Rosenthal — The Israeli mental health system in crisis", "year": "2025", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Peer-reviewed professional perspective", "Peer-reviewed policy perspective" ], "population": [ "National mental-health system", "Israeli mental-health system" ], "statistics": [ "Article reports 5.2% of the health budget and compares 10–16% in other high-income systems.", "Synthesizes service pressures and proposes longer-term recovery architecture" ], "limitations": [ "Denominator, accounting boundary and cross-country comparability are insufficiently specified; conflicts with other public claims.", "Expert synthesis, not an empirical effect evaluation." ], "confidence": [ "Low-Moderate", "Moderate" ], "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11776319", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "funding", "workforce", "post-7-october", "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "community-and-rehabilitation" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "A published estimate that mental health receives 5.2% of the health budget should not be treated as an audited national-accounts series.", "population": "National mental-health system", "methodology": "Peer-reviewed professional perspective", "statistic": "Article reports 5.2% of the health budget and compares 10–16% in other high-income systems.", "limitations": "Denominator, accounting boundary and cross-country comparability are insufficiently specified; conflicts with other public claims.", "confidence": "Low-Moderate", "originId": "S16" }, { "claim": "System recovery requires sustained community and workforce investment rather than a sequence of short emergency responses.", "population": "Israeli mental-health system", "methodology": "Peer-reviewed policy perspective", "statistic": "Synthesizes service pressures and proposes longer-term recovery architecture", "limitations": "Expert synthesis, not an empirical effect evaluation.", "confidence": "Moderate", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-164", "title": "The short-term mental-health impact of the 7 October attack and war: review", "year": "2025", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Narrative/structured review of emerging studies" ], "population": [ "Studies of Israeli and directly affected populations after 7 October" ], "statistics": [ "Convergent evidence of elevated PTSD, depression and anxiety symptoms across studies" ], "limitations": [ "Rapidly evolving evidence; heterogeneity and overlapping cohorts; publication bias; not a formal pooled national prevalence estimate." ], "confidence": [ "High for limitations; moderate for magnitude" ], "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12004549", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "post-7-october", "demand-and-epidemiology", "digital-mental-health" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "The early post-7-October literature consistently showed elevated distress but was dominated by convenience/online samples, symptom screens and short follow-up, limiting estimates of disorder incidence and durable treatment need.", "population": "Studies of Israeli and directly affected populations after 7 October", "methodology": "Narrative/structured review of emerging studies", "statistic": "Convergent evidence of elevated PTSD, depression and anxiety symptoms across studies", "limitations": "Rapidly evolving evidence; heterogeneity and overlapping cohorts; publication bias; not a formal pooled national prevalence estimate.", "confidence": "High for limitations; moderate for magnitude", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-165", "title": "Secondary traumatic stress among therapists working with Sderot residents", "year": "2025", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Cross-sectional survey" ], "population": [ "60 therapists serving a heavily exposed Israeli community" ], "statistics": [ "Secondary-trauma/burnout measures were associated with exposure and work conditions" ], "limitations": [ "n=60, cross-sectional and local; no national attrition or capacity outcome." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate-low" ], "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12175434", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "workforce", "community-and-rehabilitation", "demand-and-epidemiology" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Therapists serving Sderot residents reported secondary-trauma and burnout symptoms, but the evidence is local and small.", "population": "60 therapists serving a heavily exposed Israeli community", "methodology": "Cross-sectional survey", "statistic": "Secondary-trauma/burnout measures were associated with exposure and work conditions", "limitations": "n=60, cross-sectional and local; no national attrition or capacity outcome.", "confidence": "Moderate-low", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-166", "title": "Disparities between Arab and Jewish citizens in mental-health need and care after 7 October", "year": "2025 (2024 data)", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Cross-sectional population survey" ], "population": [ "Arab and Jewish adults in Israel" ], "statistics": [ "Distress 38% Arab vs 32% Jewish; poor mental health 27% vs 19%; among those not receiving HMO help, alternate care was sought by 3% Arab vs 19% Jewish respondents" ], "limitations": [ "Self-report and cross-sectional; small subgroups for pathway estimates; ethnicity is not a causal mechanism; distress differs from disorder." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate-high" ], "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12556882", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "post-7-october", "equity-and-geography", "demand-and-epidemiology" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "In 2024 Arab respondents reported greater distress and poorer mental health but were less likely than Jewish respondents to seek an alternative after not receiving health-fund help.", "population": "Arab and Jewish adults in Israel", "methodology": "Cross-sectional population survey", "statistic": "Distress 38% Arab vs 32% Jewish; poor mental health 27% vs 19%; among those not receiving HMO help, alternate care was sought by 3% Arab vs 19% Jewish respondents", "limitations": "Self-report and cross-sectional; small subgroups for pathway estimates; ethnicity is not a causal mechanism; distress differs from disorder.", "confidence": "Moderate-high", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-167", "title": "Mental-health outcomes among survivors of the Nova music festival attack", "year": "2025", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Small observational clinical/survey study" ], "population": [ "45 Nova festival survivors" ], "statistics": [ "High trauma-related symptom burden in the recruited cohort" ], "limitations": [ "Very small selected sample; survivor participation bias; no representative denominator or causal comparator." ], "confidence": [ "Low-moderate for prevalence; moderate for within-sample findings" ], "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12613306", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "demand-and-epidemiology", "governance-and-measurement" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "A small study of Nova festival survivors documents clinically important trauma symptoms but cannot estimate prevalence for all survivors.", "population": "45 Nova festival survivors", "methodology": "Small observational clinical/survey study", "statistic": "High trauma-related symptom burden in the recruited cohort", "limitations": "Very small selected sample; survivor participation bias; no representative denominator or causal comparator.", "confidence": "Low-moderate for prevalence; moderate for within-sample findings", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-168", "title": "Twelve-year primary-care utilization among patients with anxiety and depression in Israel", "year": "2025", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Longitudinal administrative cohort" ], "population": [ "Israeli health-plan members followed in primary care" ], "statistics": [ "About 14.2 primary-care visits versus 9.8 in the comparison population, with higher emergency, hospitalization and polypharmacy use" ], "limitations": [ "Recorded diagnoses depend on help-seeking/coding; residual illness confounding; utilization is not all attributable cost." ], "confidence": [ "High-moderate" ], "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12715906", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "demand-and-epidemiology" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "People with recorded anxiety or depression use substantially more primary and acute healthcare than the general population, illustrating costs transferred beyond specialist mental health.", "population": "Israeli health-plan members followed in primary care", "methodology": "Longitudinal administrative cohort", "statistic": "About 14.2 primary-care visits versus 9.8 in the comparison population, with higher emergency, hospitalization and polypharmacy use", "limitations": "Recorded diagnoses depend on help-seeking/coding; residual illness confounding; utilization is not all attributable cost.", "confidence": "High-moderate", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-169", "title": "Nirel et al. — Work practices before reform", "year": "2014", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Peer-reviewed national survey" ], "population": [ "Israeli psychiatrists, psychologists and social workers" ], "statistics": [ "Provides pre-reform baseline on employment patterns and workload." ], "limitations": [ "Old baseline; definitions and labour market have changed." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate" ], "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4115469", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "workforce", "private-care-and-household-cost", "reform-and-health-economics" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Public/private work patterns were mixed even before the 2015 insurance reform.", "population": "Israeli psychiatrists, psychologists and social workers", "methodology": "Peer-reviewed national survey", "statistic": "Provides pre-reform baseline on employment patterns and workload.", "limitations": "Old baseline; definitions and labour market have changed.", "confidence": "Moderate", "originId": "S19" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-170", "title": "The impact of waiting time on patient outcomes: Evidence from early intervention in psychosis services in England", "year": "2018", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "England", "methodology": [ "Quasi-experimental/econometric analysis of administrative service data" ], "population": [ "People accepted for early psychosis treatment in England" ], "statistics": [ "Longer waiting was significantly associated with deterioration in outcomes 12 months after acceptance." ], "limitations": [ "Older, psychosis-specific setting; residual pathway confounding and measurement constraints." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate-High" ], "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6221005", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "waiting-and-access", "severe-mental-illness", "governance-and-measurement", "reform-and-health-economics" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Longer waits can worsen later outcomes, supporting a delay-severity-capacity feedback hypothesis.", "population": "People accepted for early psychosis treatment in England", "methodology": "Quasi-experimental/econometric analysis of administrative service data", "statistic": "Longer waiting was significantly associated with deterioration in outcomes 12 months after acceptance.", "limitations": "Older, psychosis-specific setting; residual pathway confounding and measurement constraints.", "confidence": "Moderate-High", "originId": "R62" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-171", "title": "Reducing seclusion and restraint in Israeli psychiatric inpatient care", "year": "2019", "tier": "Tier 2", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Peer-reviewed policy/commentary grounded in national reform" ], "population": [ "Israeli psychiatric inpatient system" ], "statistics": [ "Describes national policy change and implementation challenges" ], "limitations": [ "Not a contemporary national outcome audit; no patient-level counterfactual; older than primary window." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate" ], "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6792203", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "severe-mental-illness", "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "reform-and-health-economics" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Israel's move to reduce seclusion and mechanical restraint shows a rights-oriented strength, while implementation requires adequate staffing, environments and alternatives.", "population": "Israeli psychiatric inpatient system", "methodology": "Peer-reviewed policy/commentary grounded in national reform", "statistic": "Describes national policy change and implementation challenges", "limitations": "Not a contemporary national outcome audit; no patient-level counterfactual; older than primary window.", "confidence": "Moderate", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-172", "title": "Kohn et al. — Mental health reform in Israel, Part II", "year": "2020", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Peer-reviewed policy/economic analysis" ], "population": [ "Israeli National Health Insurance financing" ], "statistics": [ "Authors recommend direct risk adjustment for mental and physical health use to reduce selection and underprovision incentives." ], "limitations": [ "Normative modelling and policy analysis, not direct measurement of current underprovision." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate-High" ], "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7155282", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "funding", "reform-and-health-economics" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Financing incentives may underweight mental-health morbidity unless risk adjustment captures both physical and mental-health use.", "population": "Israeli National Health Insurance financing", "methodology": "Peer-reviewed policy/economic analysis", "statistic": "Authors recommend direct risk adjustment for mental and physical health use to reduce selection and underprovision incentives.", "limitations": "Normative modelling and policy analysis, not direct measurement of current underprovision.", "confidence": "Moderate-High", "originId": "S15" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-173", "title": "Economic evaluations and cost analyses in posttraumatic stress disorder: a systematic review", "year": "2020", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "International", "methodology": [ "Systematic review" ], "population": [ "PTSD interventions and cost-of-illness studies internationally" ], "statistics": [ "Finds several trauma-focused interventions likely cost-effective but large variation in perspective, horizon and costing." ], "limitations": [ "Sparse long-term and non-Western evidence; publication and model heterogeneity." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate" ], "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7803086", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "funding", "demand-and-epidemiology", "international-benchmarking", "reform-and-health-economics" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "PTSD carries substantial health and societal costs, yet the economic-evaluation literature is smaller and methodologically heterogeneous.", "population": "PTSD interventions and cost-of-illness studies internationally", "methodology": "Systematic review", "statistic": "Finds several trauma-focused interventions likely cost-effective but large variation in perspective, horizon and costing.", "limitations": "Sparse long-term and non-Western evidence; publication and model heterogeneity.", "confidence": "Moderate", "originId": "R39" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-174", "title": "‘You're on the waiting list’: an interpretive phenomenological analysis of young adults' experiences", "year": "2022", "tier": "Tier 2", "jurisdiction": "United Kingdom", "methodology": [ "Qualitative interpretive phenomenological study" ], "population": [ "Young adults waiting for mental-health care" ], "statistics": [ "Participants described symptom exacerbation, helplessness and inadequate support while waiting." ], "limitations": [ "Small qualitative sample; cannot estimate incidence or causal magnitude." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate for experience; Low for population magnitude" ], "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8932552", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "waiting-and-access", "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "demand-and-epidemiology" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Being placed on a mental-health waiting list can intensify distress, uncertainty and disengagement even before measurable clinical deterioration.", "population": "Young adults waiting for mental-health care", "methodology": "Qualitative interpretive phenomenological study", "statistic": "Participants described symptom exacerbation, helplessness and inadequate support while waiting.", "limitations": "Small qualitative sample; cannot estimate incidence or causal magnitude.", "confidence": "Moderate for experience; Low for population magnitude", "originId": "R63" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-175", "title": "Digital Health Interventions for Delivery of Mental Health Care: Systematic and Comprehensive Meta-review", "year": "2022", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "International", "methodology": [ "Systematic meta-review" ], "population": [ "Digital mental-health intervention evidence across diagnoses and populations" ], "statistics": [ "Finds broad evidence of benefit but wide heterogeneity in modalities, comparators and outcome quality." ], "limitations": [ "Review-level overlap, rapid obsolescence, sparse adverse-event and equity evidence." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate-High" ], "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9109782", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "governance-and-measurement", "digital-mental-health" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Digital mental-health interventions show efficacy across conditions, but evidence quality, engagement, implementation and safety vary substantially.", "population": "Digital mental-health intervention evidence across diagnoses and populations", "methodology": "Systematic meta-review", "statistic": "Finds broad evidence of benefit but wide heterogeneity in modalities, comparators and outcome quality.", "limitations": "Review-level overlap, rapid obsolescence, sparse adverse-event and equity evidence.", "confidence": "Moderate-High", "originId": "R60" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-176", "title": "Who benefits from individual placement and support? A meta-analysis", "year": "2022", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "International", "methodology": [ "Individual-participant/meta-analytic subgroup assessment" ], "population": [ "People with severe mental illness in IPS trials" ], "statistics": [ "IPS improved employment outcomes across examined subgroups without a clear group that failed to benefit." ], "limitations": [ "Employment systems and benefit rules vary; employment success is not the same as clinical recovery or net fiscal savings." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9281491", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "severe-mental-illness", "governance-and-measurement", "international-benchmarking" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Individual Placement and Support improves competitive employment across diverse subgroups of people with serious mental illness.", "population": "People with severe mental illness in IPS trials", "methodology": "Individual-participant/meta-analytic subgroup assessment", "statistic": "IPS improved employment outcomes across examined subgroups without a clear group that failed to benefit.", "limitations": "Employment systems and benefit rules vary; employment success is not the same as clinical recovery or net fiscal savings.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "R42" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-177", "title": "Short-stay crisis units for mental health patients on crisis care pathways: systematic review and meta-analysis", "year": "2022", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "International", "methodology": [ "Systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies" ], "population": [ "People presenting in mental-health crisis to hospital pathways" ], "statistics": [ "Evidence favoured reduced ED length of stay and inpatient admission in several settings." ], "limitations": [ "Small, heterogeneous observational evidence base and variable unit models." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate" ], "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9344431", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "hospitals-and-crisis-care" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Hospital-based short-stay mental-health crisis units can reduce emergency-department pressure and inpatient admissions, but research remains limited.", "population": "People presenting in mental-health crisis to hospital pathways", "methodology": "Systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies", "statistic": "Evidence favoured reduced ED length of stay and inpatient admission in several settings.", "limitations": "Small, heterogeneous observational evidence base and variable unit models.", "confidence": "Moderate", "originId": "R47" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-178", "title": "Gordon et al. — Acute hospitalisation among people with severe mental illness", "year": "2022", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Peer-reviewed longitudinal population analysis" ], "population": [ "Israeli population, 2000–2017" ], "statistics": [ "Acute hospitalisation rates were higher among people with severe mental illness." ], "limitations": [ "Does not estimate psychiatric-bed adequacy or prove that delayed mental-health care caused admissions." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9461173", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "severe-mental-illness", "hospitals-and-crisis-care" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "People with severe mental illness had higher general acute-hospital use, demonstrating downstream system burden.", "population": "Israeli population, 2000–2017", "methodology": "Peer-reviewed longitudinal population analysis", "statistic": "Acute hospitalisation rates were higher among people with severe mental illness.", "limitations": "Does not estimate psychiatric-bed adequacy or prove that delayed mental-health care caused admissions.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S20" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-179", "title": "Economic analyses of supported employment programmes for people with mental health conditions: a systematic review", "year": "2022", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "International", "methodology": [ "Systematic review of economic evaluations" ], "population": [ "Adults with mental-health conditions receiving supported employment/IPS" ], "statistics": [ "Evidence generally favoured supported employment, but cost-effectiveness results and methods varied." ], "limitations": [ "Small number of full economic evaluations; productivity and welfare transfers treated inconsistently." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate" ], "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9491084", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "funding", "community-and-rehabilitation", "reform-and-health-economics" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Supported employment is clinically and socially promising, while its economic case is favourable but less certain than its employment effect.", "population": "Adults with mental-health conditions receiving supported employment/IPS", "methodology": "Systematic review of economic evaluations", "statistic": "Evidence generally favoured supported employment, but cost-effectiveness results and methods varied.", "limitations": "Small number of full economic evaluations; productivity and welfare transfers treated inconsistently.", "confidence": "Moderate", "originId": "R41" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-180", "title": "Global problem of physician dual practices: a literature review", "year": "2022", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "International", "methodology": [ "Literature review" ], "population": [ "Country reports and studies of physician dual practice" ], "statistics": [ "58% of country reports characterised dual practice as detrimental to the public sector." ], "limitations": [ "Descriptive, heterogeneous and subject to reporting bias; mostly physicians, not the full mental-health workforce." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate" ], "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9529729", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "system-overview" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Published country reports more often describe physician dual practice as harmful to the public sector, but the evidence is not strong enough to infer a universal net effect.", "population": "Country reports and studies of physician dual practice", "methodology": "Literature review", "statistic": "58% of country reports characterised dual practice as detrimental to the public sector.", "limitations": "Descriptive, heterogeneous and subject to reporting bias; mostly physicians, not the full mental-health workforce.", "confidence": "Moderate", "originId": "R70" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-181", "title": "The impact of COVID-19 on adolescents with anorexia nervosa and Israeli eating-disorder services", "year": "2022", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Clinical observational study with service-context synthesis" ], "population": [ "Israeli adolescents with anorexia nervosa and treatment services" ], "statistics": [ "Reports service-request increases of 20-100%, a 56% adolescent increase in one fund and 4-12-month waits" ], "limitations": [ "Some capacity statistics are reported from services rather than standardized national surveillance; clinical cohort selected and female-focused." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate" ], "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9547577", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "waiting-and-access", "post-7-october", "children-and-adolescents", "hospitals-and-crisis-care" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Eating-disorder demand and waits rose during COVID-19, preceding the war; reports described 20-100% growth in requests and waits of 4-12 months across services.", "population": "Israeli adolescents with anorexia nervosa and treatment services", "methodology": "Clinical observational study with service-context synthesis", "statistic": "Reports service-request increases of 20-100%, a 56% adolescent increase in one fund and 4-12-month waits", "limitations": "Some capacity statistics are reported from services rather than standardized national surveillance; clinical cohort selected and female-focused.", "confidence": "Moderate", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-182", "title": "Laufer et al. — Integrated mental-health models in primary care", "year": "2023", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Peer-reviewed implementation evaluation" ], "population": [ "Israeli primary-care clinics" ], "statistics": [ "Consultation and stepped-care models were operationalised in routine primary care." ], "limitations": [ "Implementation evidence does not establish national scale, long-run outcomes or net workforce savings." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate-High" ], "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9885563", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "system-overview" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Integrated and stepped mental-health models can be implemented in Israeli primary care.", "population": "Israeli primary-care clinics", "methodology": "Peer-reviewed implementation evaluation", "statistic": "Consultation and stepped-care models were operationalised in routine primary care.", "limitations": "Implementation evidence does not establish national scale, long-run outcomes or net workforce savings.", "confidence": "Moderate-High", "originId": "S17" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-183", "title": "The Efficacy of Measurement-Based Care for Depressive Disorders: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials", "year": "2021", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "International", "methodology": [ "Systematic review and meta-analysis" ], "population": [ "Adults with depressive disorders in RCTs" ], "statistics": [ "Meta-analysis reported higher remission with MBC (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.12–2.97)." ], "limitations": [ "Trials varied in measures, feedback and pharmacotherapy protocols; implementation burden not fully captured." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://psychiatrist.com/jcp/measurement-based-care-depression", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "demand-and-epidemiology", "governance-and-measurement" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Routine symptom measurement can improve depression remission when clinicians use results to change treatment.", "population": "Adults with depressive disorders in RCTs", "methodology": "Systematic review and meta-analysis", "statistic": "Meta-analysis reported higher remission with MBC (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.12–2.97).", "limitations": "Trials varied in measures, feedback and pharmacotherapy protocols; implementation burden not fully captured.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "R53" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-184", "title": "Couples-therapy price guide in Israel", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 3", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Commercial directory price guide" ], "population": [ "Private-pay couples/family therapy market" ], "statistics": [ "Typical advertised range NIS 400-700 per session" ], "limitations": [ "Contextual, nonrepresentative and not credential-stratified; session duration and region vary; no national registry." ], "confidence": [ "Low" ], "url": "https://psychologim.com/%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C-%D7%96%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99-%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "private-care-and-household-cost" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Current directory guidance places private couples/family therapy commonly around NIS 400-700 per session.", "population": "Private-pay couples/family therapy market", "methodology": "Commercial directory price guide", "statistic": "Typical advertised range NIS 400-700 per session", "limitations": "Contextual, nonrepresentative and not credential-stratified; session duration and region vary; no national registry.", "confidence": "Low", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-185", "title": "Suicide Rates After Discharge From Psychiatric Facilities: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis", "year": "2017", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "International", "methodology": [ "Systematic review and meta-analysis" ], "population": [ "Discharged psychiatric inpatients across 100 studies" ], "statistics": [ "Pooled post-discharge suicide rate 484 per 100,000 person-years, highest in the first 3 months." ], "limitations": [ "High heterogeneity, varying eras and case mix; absolute local rates may differ." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28564699", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "post-7-october", "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "community-and-rehabilitation", "demand-and-epidemiology" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "The period immediately after psychiatric discharge is an exceptionally high-risk transition and warrants proactive continuity.", "population": "Discharged psychiatric inpatients across 100 studies", "methodology": "Systematic review and meta-analysis", "statistic": "Pooled post-discharge suicide rate 484 per 100,000 person-years, highest in the first 3 months.", "limitations": "High heterogeneity, varying eras and case mix; absolute local rates may differ.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "R50" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-186", "title": "Burnout in mental health professionals: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "year": "2018", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "International", "methodology": [ "Systematic review and meta-analysis" ], "population": [ "Mental-health professionals in 62 studies" ], "statistics": [ "Synthesises burnout prevalence and determinants across professions and settings." ], "limitations": [ "High heterogeneity, mostly cross-sectional data and inconsistent burnout definitions." ], "confidence": [ "High for association; Moderate for prevalence" ], "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29957371", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "workforce", "demand-and-epidemiology" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Burnout is common among mental-health professionals and is associated with workload and job conditions, but prevalence estimates vary by scale and threshold.", "population": "Mental-health professionals in 62 studies", "methodology": "Systematic review and meta-analysis", "statistic": "Synthesises burnout prevalence and determinants across professions and settings.", "limitations": "High heterogeneity, mostly cross-sectional data and inconsistent burnout definitions.", "confidence": "High for association; Moderate for prevalence", "originId": "R66" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-187", "title": "Cost-effectiveness of early intervention in psychosis: systematic review", "year": "2019", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "International", "methodology": [ "Systematic review of economic evaluations" ], "population": [ "First-episode and clinical-high-risk psychosis services" ], "statistics": [ "Overall evidence was consistent with EIP being cost-effective and in some scenarios cost-saving." ], "limitations": [ "Moderate study quality, major heterogeneity, mostly high-income jurisdictions." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate-High" ], "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30696495", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "funding", "severe-mental-illness", "reform-and-health-economics" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Early intervention in psychosis is generally cost-effective relative to standard care, but estimates are heterogeneous and mainly from high-income systems.", "population": "First-episode and clinical-high-risk psychosis services", "methodology": "Systematic review of economic evaluations", "statistic": "Overall evidence was consistent with EIP being cost-effective and in some scenarios cost-saving.", "limitations": "Moderate study quality, major heterogeneity, mostly high-income jurisdictions.", "confidence": "Moderate-High", "originId": "R32" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-188", "title": "Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression: A Systematic Review and Individual Patient Data Network Meta-analysis", "year": "2021", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "International", "methodology": [ "Individual-participant-data network meta-analysis" ], "population": [ "8,107 participants from 36 RCTs in 12 countries" ], "statistics": [ "Guided response 48% vs unguided 37% overall; incremental benefit larger at higher baseline severity." ], "limitations": [ "Digital access, adherence and trial support may differ in routine practice; not a substitute for crisis/specialist care." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33471111", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "demand-and-epidemiology", "governance-and-measurement", "digital-mental-health" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Guided internet CBT is generally more effective than unguided CBT for moderate-to-severe depression; unguided tools may suit milder symptoms and capacity-constrained contexts.", "population": "8,107 participants from 36 RCTs in 12 countries", "methodology": "Individual-participant-data network meta-analysis", "statistic": "Guided response 48% vs unguided 37% overall; incremental benefit larger at higher baseline severity.", "limitations": "Digital access, adherence and trial support may differ in routine practice; not a substitute for crisis/specialist care.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "R56" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-189", "title": "Mental-health outcomes among Arab and Jewish citizens of Israel following the 7 October attack", "year": "2024", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Cross-sectional survey using symptom screening scales" ], "population": [ "Arab and Jewish adults in Israel after 7 October 2023" ], "statistics": [ "Higher screen-positive symptom burden in the Arab sample across PTSD, depression and anxiety" ], "limitations": [ "Non-diagnostic self-report; sampling, exposure and socioeconomic composition may explain part of the difference; cannot assign causality to ethnicity." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate" ], "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38776726", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "post-7-october", "equity-and-geography", "demand-and-epidemiology", "governance-and-measurement" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Arab participants reported higher probable PTSD, depression and anxiety than Jewish participants after 7 October, indicating heterogeneous burden rather than a uniform national shock.", "population": "Arab and Jewish adults in Israel after 7 October 2023", "methodology": "Cross-sectional survey using symptom screening scales", "statistic": "Higher screen-positive symptom burden in the Arab sample across PTSD, depression and anxiety", "limitations": "Non-diagnostic self-report; sampling, exposure and socioeconomic composition may explain part of the difference; cannot assign causality to ethnicity.", "confidence": "Moderate", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-190", "title": "Moral injury and post-traumatic symptoms following the 7 October attack", "year": "2024", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Observational survey with moral-injury and symptom scales" ], "population": [ "Israeli adults exposed to the war context" ], "statistics": [ "Positive association between moral-injury appraisals and post-traumatic symptom burden" ], "limitations": [ "Construct and scales are not equivalent to a clinical disorder; cross-sectional/observational associations; common-method bias." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate" ], "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39098963", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "post-7-october", "demand-and-epidemiology", "digital-mental-health" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Moral-injury symptoms were associated with post-traumatic distress after 7 October, expanding the relevant construct beyond fear-based trauma alone.", "population": "Israeli adults exposed to the war context", "methodology": "Observational survey with moral-injury and symptom scales", "statistic": "Positive association between moral-injury appraisals and post-traumatic symptom burden", "limitations": "Construct and scales are not equivalent to a clinical disorder; cross-sectional/observational associations; common-method bias.", "confidence": "Moderate", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-191", "title": "Effects of war-related experiences on mental health in Israel after 7 October", "year": "2025", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Observational survey analysis with exposure and symptom measures" ], "population": [ "Israeli adults exposed to different war-related experiences" ], "statistics": [ "Greater/cumulative war exposure associated with higher PTSD, depression and anxiety symptoms" ], "limitations": [ "Observational self-report; exposure misclassification and residual confounding; symptoms are not service need." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate-high" ], "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39762464", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "post-7-october", "demand-and-epidemiology" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "War-related experiences and cumulative exposure were associated with worse psychiatric symptoms, but exposure categories and their meaning changed over time.", "population": "Israeli adults exposed to different war-related experiences", "methodology": "Observational survey analysis with exposure and symptom measures", "statistic": "Greater/cumulative war exposure associated with higher PTSD, depression and anxiety symptoms", "limitations": "Observational self-report; exposure misclassification and residual confounding; symptoms are not service need.", "confidence": "Moderate-high", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-192", "title": "Mental health of older adults in Israel during the war following 7 October", "year": "2025", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Observational survey" ], "population": [ "Older adults living in Israel during the war" ], "statistics": [ "War-related exposure and vulnerability factors associated with worse mental-health measures" ], "limitations": [ "Self-report; survivorship and digital-access selection; does not measure dementia, service access or clinical outcomes comprehensively." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate" ], "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39868981", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "post-7-october", "demand-and-epidemiology" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Older adults experienced war-related distress heterogeneously, with vulnerability and resilience linked to exposure, health and social resources.", "population": "Older adults living in Israel during the war", "methodology": "Observational survey", "statistic": "War-related exposure and vulnerability factors associated with worse mental-health measures", "limitations": "Self-report; survivorship and digital-access selection; does not measure dementia, service access or clinical outcomes comprehensively.", "confidence": "Moderate", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-193", "title": "Combat exposure and mental-health symptoms among Israeli reservists", "year": "2025", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Observational survey" ], "population": [ "Israeli military reservists" ], "statistics": [ "Greater combat exposure associated with worse mental-health symptom measures" ], "limitations": [ "Self-selection, self-report and military context; association does not measure national treatment demand or delayed onset directly." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate" ], "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40359804", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "post-7-october", "demand-and-epidemiology", "international-benchmarking" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Combat exposure among reservists was associated with post-traumatic and related symptoms, highlighting a population whose presentations may emerge after demobilization.", "population": "Israeli military reservists", "methodology": "Observational survey", "statistic": "Greater combat exposure associated with worse mental-health symptom measures", "limitations": "Self-selection, self-report and military context; association does not measure national treatment demand or delayed onset directly.", "confidence": "Moderate", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-194", "title": "Longitudinal trajectories of post-traumatic stress after 7 October", "year": "2025", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Longitudinal latent-trajectory analysis" ], "population": [ "Israeli adults followed during the post-7-October war period" ], "statistics": [ "Multiple symptom courses including resilient/recovering and persistent/high trajectories" ], "limitations": [ "Trajectory class solutions depend on model choice; attrition and ongoing exposure; symptom scales are not clinician diagnoses." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate-high" ], "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41178327", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "post-7-october", "demand-and-epidemiology", "governance-and-measurement" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Longitudinal post-war data identify more than one PTSD symptom trajectory, cautioning against assuming either universal chronicity or universal spontaneous recovery.", "population": "Israeli adults followed during the post-7-October war period", "methodology": "Longitudinal latent-trajectory analysis", "statistic": "Multiple symptom courses including resilient/recovering and persistent/high trajectories", "limitations": "Trajectory class solutions depend on model choice; attrition and ongoing exposure; symptom scales are not clinician diagnoses.", "confidence": "Moderate-high", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-195", "title": "One-year longitudinal trajectories of mental health following the 7 October war", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Four-wave longitudinal cohort" ], "population": [ "1,052 Israeli adults aged 18-40 in northern and southern regions" ], "statistics": [ "Distinct persistence/recovery trajectories across PTSD, depression and anxiety outcomes" ], "limitations": [ "Age- and region-restricted cohort; attrition; ongoing war makes time since exposure nonuniform; screening rather than diagnosis." ], "confidence": [ "High-moderate" ], "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41576491", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "post-7-october", "demand-and-epidemiology", "governance-and-measurement" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "A four-wave cohort of young adults in northern and southern Israel found heterogeneous one-year symptom trajectories, supporting repeated measurement rather than a single post-event prevalence number.", "population": "1,052 Israeli adults aged 18-40 in northern and southern regions", "methodology": "Four-wave longitudinal cohort", "statistic": "Distinct persistence/recovery trajectories across PTSD, depression and anxiety outcomes", "limitations": "Age- and region-restricted cohort; attrition; ongoing war makes time since exposure nonuniform; screening rather than diagnosis.", "confidence": "High-moderate", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-196", "title": "Cost of private residential addiction treatment", "year": "Current at 16 August 2026", "tier": "Tier 3", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Provider-authored price guide" ], "population": [ "Private-pay residential addiction market" ], "statistics": [ "Advertised approximately NIS 15,000-18,000 per month" ], "limitations": [ "Commercial, nonrepresentative and package-dependent; public/charitable funding and eligibility differ; obtain direct quote." ], "confidence": [ "Low" ], "url": "https://retorno.org.il/%D7%9B%D7%9E%D7%94-%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%94-%D7%92%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94-%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D-%D7%95%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9D-%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A3-%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%96-%D7%92%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "community-and-rehabilitation", "private-care-and-household-cost", "demand-and-epidemiology", "digital-mental-health" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Private residential addiction programmes advertise around NIS 15,000-18,000 per month, illustrating a large household burden but not a national average.", "population": "Private-pay residential addiction market", "methodology": "Provider-authored price guide", "statistic": "Advertised approximately NIS 15,000-18,000 per month", "limitations": "Commercial, nonrepresentative and package-dependent; public/charitable funding and eligibility differ; obtain direct quote.", "confidence": "Low", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-197", "title": "Psychiatric rehabilitation services and time to readmission among people with schizophrenia", "year": "2024", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Retrospective observational cohort" ], "population": [ "Israeli adults with schizophrenia discharged from inpatient care" ], "statistics": [ "Rehabilitation participation associated with approximately doubled time to readmission" ], "limitations": [ "Confounding by stability, eligibility, motivation and service availability; service bundles differ." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate" ], "url": "https://sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165178124005018", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "severe-mental-illness", "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "community-and-rehabilitation", "digital-mental-health" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Psychiatric rehabilitation participation for schizophrenia was associated with longer time to readmission, supporting continuity while not proving causality.", "population": "Israeli adults with schizophrenia discharged from inpatient care", "methodology": "Retrospective observational cohort", "statistic": "Rehabilitation participation associated with approximately doubled time to readmission", "limitations": "Confounding by stability, eligibility, motivation and service availability; service bundles differ.", "confidence": "Moderate", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-198", "title": "Efficacy of mental health crisis houses compared with acute psychiatric wards: a systematic review", "year": "2019", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "International", "methodology": [ "Systematic review" ], "population": [ "Adults eligible for acute crisis residential alternatives" ], "statistics": [ "Suggests comparable or favourable satisfaction and some service outcomes for selected users." ], "limitations": [ "Few studies, selection bias and differing crisis-house models; not appropriate for every risk/medical profile." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate-Low" ], "url": "https://shura.shu.ac.uk/25461/3/Smithson_EfficacyOfMental%28AM%29.pdf", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "post-7-october", "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "community-and-rehabilitation", "equity-and-geography", "governance-and-measurement" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Crisis houses may be acceptable alternatives to hospital for selected people, but should supplement—not simply replace—safe inpatient capacity.", "population": "Adults eligible for acute crisis residential alternatives", "methodology": "Systematic review", "statistic": "Suggests comparable or favourable satisfaction and some service outcomes for selected users.", "limitations": "Few studies, selection bias and differing crisis-house models; not appropriate for every risk/medical profile.", "confidence": "Moderate-Low", "originId": "R48" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-199", "title": "National Mental Health Strategy 2020–2030", "year": "2020", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Finland", "methodology": [ "National government strategy" ], "population": [ "Finland population and service system" ], "statistics": [ "Defines five priority areas and a linked suicide-prevention agenda." ], "limitations": [ "Strategic commitments are not outcome estimates; financing and implementation must be audited separately." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://stm.fi/en/mental-health-policy-guidelines", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "children-and-adolescents", "demand-and-epidemiology", "international-benchmarking" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "A ten-year strategy can explicitly join prevention, children's mental health, rights, broad-based services and national leadership.", "population": "Finland population and service system", "methodology": "National government strategy", "statistic": "Defines five priority areas and a linked suicide-prevention agenda.", "limitations": "Strategic commitments are not outcome estimates; financing and implementation must be audited separately.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "R13" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-200", "title": "Israel's opioid consumption and risk", "year": "2023", "tier": "Tier 2", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Health-policy analysis of international and Israeli utilization data" ], "population": [ "Israeli prescription-opioid users and national consumption data" ], "statistics": [ "Israel ranked at or near the top internationally in per-capita opioid consumption around 2020" ], "limitations": [ "Prescribing/consumption is not misuse, dependence or overdose; international units and indications vary." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate-high" ], "url": "https://taubcenter.org.il/en/research/opioid-epidemic", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "demand-and-epidemiology", "governance-and-measurement", "international-benchmarking" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Israel's high prescribed-opioid consumption raised population-risk concerns, but consumption volume alone does not establish addiction prevalence.", "population": "Israeli prescription-opioid users and national consumption data", "methodology": "Health-policy analysis of international and Israeli utilization data", "statistic": "Israel ranked at or near the top internationally in per-capita opioid consumption around 2020", "limitations": "Prescribing/consumption is not misuse, dependence or overdose; international units and indications vary.", "confidence": "Moderate-high", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-201", "title": "Taub Center — Health 2024", "year": "2025", "tier": "Tier 2", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Policy-institute synthesis of official data" ], "population": [ "Israeli health workforce" ], "statistics": [ "Selected workforce rates corroborate ministry/Knesset series." ], "limitations": [ "Psychologist measure and psychiatrist measure use different definitions; not public-sector FTE." ], "confidence": [ "Moderate-High" ], "url": "https://taubcenter.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Health-2024-ENG-1.pdf", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "workforce", "governance-and-measurement" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Secondary synthesis places the 2020–2022 average psychologist supply near 1.4 per 1,000 and the 2022 age-limited psychiatrist rate at 0.099 per 1,000.", "population": "Israeli health workforce", "methodology": "Policy-institute synthesis of official data", "statistic": "Selected workforce rates corroborate ministry/Knesset series.", "limitations": "Psychologist measure and psychiatrist measure use different definitions; not public-sector FTE.", "confidence": "Moderate-High", "originId": "S21" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-202", "title": "Psychodiagnostic assessment prices in Israel", "year": "Current at 16 August 2026", "tier": "Tier 3", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Clinic/provider price guide" ], "population": [ "Private assessment market" ], "statistics": [ "Approximately NIS 3,000 supervised trainee route and NIS 4,000 specialist route" ], "limitations": [ "Commercial source; scope, tests, report and expert testimony change price; not a market census." ], "confidence": [ "Low" ], "url": "https://tipulpsychology.co.il/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%9C-%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A9/%D7%90%D7%91%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9F-%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99-%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9D-%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%9C-%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91-%D7%95%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%96.html", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "private-care-and-household-cost", "digital-mental-health" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Private psychodiagnostic assessment is commonly quoted in the low thousands of shekels, with one guide listing about NIS 3,000 under supervision and NIS 4,000 by a specialist.", "population": "Private assessment market", "methodology": "Clinic/provider price guide", "statistic": "Approximately NIS 3,000 supervised trainee route and NIS 4,000 specialist route", "limitations": "Commercial source; scope, tests, report and expert testimony change price; not a market census.", "confidence": "Low", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-203", "title": "WHO GHO — Government mental-health expenditure indicator", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Global", "methodology": [ "International indicator metadata and country submissions" ], "population": [ "WHO member states" ], "statistics": [ "Provides a standard indicator framework for cross-national comparison." ], "limitations": [ "Reporting years, public/private boundaries and completeness vary; not a substitute for audited Israeli accounts." ], "confidence": [ "High for definition; Moderate for country comparison" ], "url": "https://who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/government-expenditures-on-mental-health-as-a-percentage-of-total-government-expenditures-on-health-%28-%29", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "funding", "governance-and-measurement", "international-benchmarking" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "WHO defines government mental-health expenditure as a share of government health expenditure, but country submissions require denominator scrutiny.", "population": "WHO member states", "methodology": "International indicator metadata and country submissions", "statistic": "Provides a standard indicator framework for cross-national comparison.", "limitations": "Reporting years, public/private boundaries and completeness vary; not a substitute for audited Israeli accounts.", "confidence": "High for definition; Moderate for country comparison", "originId": "S74" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-204", "title": "Mental distress and risk behaviours rise among Israeli adolescents", "year": "2023 (HBSC 2019-2022)", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "WHO/HBSC repeated school survey" ], "population": [ "School-aged adolescents in Israel" ], "statistics": [ "Daily psychosomatic symptoms approximately 20% to 30%; cannabis fell 9.2% to 6.1%, while binge drinking rose to 12.5% in 2022 after earlier decline" ], "limitations": [ "Self-report; survey waves and schooling disruption; symptoms are not psychiatric diagnoses; mixed risk trends reject a single 'all outcomes worsened' story." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://who.int/europe/news/item/26-07-2023-mental-distress-and-risk-behaviours-rise-among-israeli-adolescents", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "post-7-october", "children-and-adolescents", "demand-and-epidemiology", "governance-and-measurement", "international-benchmarking", "digital-mental-health" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Adolescent distress increased before 7 October: daily psychosomatic symptoms rose from about 20% in 2019 to about 30% in 2022, while substance indicators moved in mixed directions.", "population": "School-aged adolescents in Israel", "methodology": "WHO/HBSC repeated school survey", "statistic": "Daily psychosomatic symptoms approximately 20% to 30%; cannabis fell 9.2% to 6.1%, while binge drinking rose to 12.5% in 2022 after earlier decline", "limitations": "Self-report; survey waves and schooling disruption; symptoms are not psychiatric diagnoses; mixed risk trends reject a single 'all outcomes worsened' story.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-205", "title": "Guidance on community mental health services: Promoting person-centred and rights-based approaches", "year": "2021", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Global", "methodology": [ "WHO normative guidance with international service case examples" ], "population": [ "Mental-health service users and systems worldwide" ], "statistics": [ "Provides seven technical service packages for comprehensive community networks." ], "limitations": [ "Implementation examples are heterogeneous and not all are supported by comparative trials." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://who.int/publications/i/item/9789240025707", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "hospitals-and-crisis-care", "community-and-rehabilitation", "international-benchmarking", "reform-and-health-economics", "digital-mental-health" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Community mental-health reform should comprise connected crisis, outreach, community-centre, hospital, supported-living and peer-support services with rights safeguards.", "population": "Mental-health service users and systems worldwide", "methodology": "WHO normative guidance with international service case examples", "statistic": "Provides seven technical service packages for comprehensive community networks.", "limitations": "Implementation examples are heterogeneous and not all are supported by comparative trials.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "R03" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-206", "title": "LIVE LIFE: An implementation guide for suicide prevention in countries", "year": "2021", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Global", "methodology": [ "WHO implementation guide based on evidence-informed interventions" ], "population": [ "National and local populations worldwide" ], "statistics": [ "Specifies four core interventions and implementation pillars." ], "limitations": [ "National effect depends on fidelity, baseline rates, means patterns and multisector coordination." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://who.int/publications/i/item/9789240026629", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "children-and-adolescents", "demand-and-epidemiology", "international-benchmarking" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Suicide prevention requires a population strategy combining means safety, responsible media, youth skills and early identification/management.", "population": "National and local populations worldwide", "methodology": "WHO implementation guide based on evidence-informed interventions", "statistic": "Specifies four core interventions and implementation pillars.", "limitations": "National effect depends on fidelity, baseline rates, means patterns and multisector coordination.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "R28" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-207", "title": "Ethics and governance of artificial intelligence for health", "year": "2021", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Global", "methodology": [ "WHO expert normative guidance" ], "population": [ "Health AI developers, regulators, clinicians and populations" ], "statistics": [ "Sets six consensus ethical principles and governance recommendations." ], "limitations": [ "Principles are not an effectiveness or safety validation of any specific triage model." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://who.int/publications/i/item/9789240029200", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "governance-and-measurement", "international-benchmarking" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "AI-supported triage must preserve autonomy, safety, transparency, accountability, inclusiveness and human oversight.", "population": "Health AI developers, regulators, clinicians and populations", "methodology": "WHO expert normative guidance", "statistic": "Sets six consensus ethical principles and governance recommendations.", "limitations": "Principles are not an effectiveness or safety validation of any specific triage model.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "R29" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-208", "title": "WHO Mental Health Atlas 2020", "year": "2021", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Global", "methodology": [ "Cross-national administrative survey" ], "population": [ "WHO member states" ], "statistics": [ "Atlas supplies a standard policy/workforce/expenditure framework." ], "limitations": [ "Country data years, response completeness and definitions differ; use as contextual benchmark, not a league table." ], "confidence": [ "High for framework; Moderate for comparisons" ], "url": "https://who.int/publications/i/item/9789240036703", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "funding", "workforce", "international-benchmarking" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "International mental-health expenditure and workforce comparisons depend heavily on reporting definitions.", "population": "WHO member states", "methodology": "Cross-national administrative survey", "statistic": "Atlas supplies a standard policy/workforce/expenditure framework.", "limitations": "Country data years, response completeness and definitions differ; use as contextual benchmark, not a league table.", "confidence": "High for framework; Moderate for comparisons", "originId": "S73" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-209", "title": "World mental health report: Transforming mental health for all", "year": "2022", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Global", "methodology": [ "WHO global evidence and policy synthesis" ], "population": [ "Global mental-health systems and populations" ], "statistics": [ "Reports high global need and insufficient, often institution-centred responses; proposes three transformation pathways." ], "limitations": [ "Global synthesis; recommendations require national costing and adaptation." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://who.int/publications/i/item/9789240049338", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "community-and-rehabilitation", "international-benchmarking", "reform-and-health-economics" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Sustainable reform requires community networks, multisectoral prevention, rights protection and increased investment, not a single-service expansion.", "population": "Global mental-health systems and populations", "methodology": "WHO global evidence and policy synthesis", "statistic": "Reports high global need and insufficient, often institution-centred responses; proposes three transformation pathways.", "limitations": "Global synthesis; recommendations require national costing and adaptation.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "R02" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-210", "title": "Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) guideline, third edition", "year": "2023", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Global", "methodology": [ "WHO evidence-based clinical guideline" ], "population": [ "Non-specialist health settings globally" ], "statistics": [ "Provides updated recommendations across depression, psychosis, anxiety, substance use and other priority conditions." ], "limitations": [ "Designed substantially for treatment-gap settings; Israel requires adaptation to licensing, language and existing specialist pathways." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://who.int/publications/i/item/9789240084278", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "waiting-and-access", "severe-mental-illness", "demand-and-epidemiology", "international-benchmarking" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Task-sharing and primary-care algorithms can expand coverage for priority mental, neurological and substance-use conditions while preserving referral pathways for complexity and risk.", "population": "Non-specialist health settings globally", "methodology": "WHO evidence-based clinical guideline", "statistic": "Provides updated recommendations across depression, psychosis, anxiety, substance use and other priority conditions.", "limitations": "Designed substantially for treatment-gap settings; Israel requires adaptation to licensing, language and existing specialist pathways.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "R26" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-211", "title": "Ethics and governance of artificial intelligence for health: Guidance on large multi-modal models", "year": "2025", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Global", "methodology": [ "WHO normative guidance" ], "population": [ "Developers, governments, providers and users of generative AI in health" ], "statistics": [ "Extends risk, accountability and oversight recommendations to generative and multimodal systems." ], "limitations": [ "Rapidly evolving technology; guidance cannot substitute for local clinical-device regulation and evaluation." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://who.int/publications/i/item/9789240084759", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "governance-and-measurement", "international-benchmarking" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Generative AI in health should not be deployed for unsupervised high-stakes mental-health decisions without prospective validation, governance and post-deployment monitoring.", "population": "Developers, governments, providers and users of generative AI in health", "methodology": "WHO normative guidance", "statistic": "Extends risk, accountability and oversight recommendations to generative and multimodal systems.", "limitations": "Rapidly evolving technology; guidance cannot substitute for local clinical-device regulation and evaluation.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "R30" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-212", "title": "Governance of dual practice in the public and private health sectors", "year": "2024", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Global", "methodology": [ "WHO evidence and governance brief" ], "population": [ "Health workers and health systems with public-private dual practice" ], "statistics": [ "Concludes dual practice is ubiquitous, evidence largely descriptive and effects of governance tools remain underexplored." ], "limitations": [ "Not mental-health-specific; insufficient causal evidence for a single regulatory solution." ], "confidence": [ "High for uncertainty/context dependence" ], "url": "https://who.int/publications/i/item/9789240096615", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "private-care-and-household-cost", "governance-and-measurement", "international-benchmarking" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Dual public-private practice can either retain professionals or erode public availability; governance effects are context-dependent and poorly quantified.", "population": "Health workers and health systems with public-private dual practice", "methodology": "WHO evidence and governance brief", "statistic": "Concludes dual practice is ubiquitous, evidence largely descriptive and effects of governance tools remain underexplored.", "limitations": "Not mental-health-specific; insufficient causal evidence for a single regulatory solution.", "confidence": "High for uncertainty/context dependence", "originId": "R69" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-213", "title": "Mental Health Atlas 2024", "year": "2025", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Global", "methodology": [ "WHO periodic country survey and target-monitoring report using 2024 data" ], "population": [ "144 reporting countries" ], "statistics": [ "Tracks national policies, laws, financing, workforce, services and data systems against the 2013–2030 action plan." ], "limitations": [ "Country self-report and incomplete participation; cross-country comparability is imperfect." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://who.int/publications/i/item/9789240114487", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "funding", "workforce", "community-and-rehabilitation", "governance-and-measurement", "international-benchmarking", "digital-mental-health" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "A national observatory should monitor financing, workforce, service mix, telehealth, community care, information systems and outcomes against explicit targets.", "population": "144 reporting countries", "methodology": "WHO periodic country survey and target-monitoring report using 2024 data", "statistic": "Tracks national policies, laws, financing, workforce, services and data systems against the 2013–2030 action plan.", "limitations": "Country self-report and incomplete participation; cross-country comparability is imperfect.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "R04" } ] }, { "id": "IMH-214", "title": "Ministry of Health Nursing Administration — Licensing exams", "year": "2026", "tier": "Tier 1", "jurisdiction": "Israel", "methodology": [ "Official licensing guidance" ], "population": [ "Nurses" ], "statistics": [ "Nursing licensure is administered by the Nursing Administration." ], "limitations": [ "General licensure source does not quantify psychiatric-nursing specialisation or FTE." ], "confidence": [ "High" ], "url": "https://www1.health.gov.il/nursing/study/licensing-exams/process", "verificationDate": "2026-08-16", "topics": [ "workforce", "governance-and-measurement" ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Psychiatric nursing rests on the nursing regulatory pathway and subsequent training/role requirements.", "population": "Nurses", "methodology": "Official licensing guidance", "statistic": "Nursing licensure is administered by the Nursing Administration.", "limitations": "General licensure source does not quantify psychiatric-nursing specialisation or FTE.", "confidence": "High", "originId": "S51" } ] } ]