{
  "meta": {
    "titleEn": "A Life Worth Moving Toward — Existential Dialectics, Addiction and the Geometry of Recovery",
    "titleHe": "חיים שכדאי לנוע אליהם — דיאלקטיקה קיומית, התמכרות והגאומטריה של ההחלמה",
    "author": "Tomer Avraham, PhD",
    "evidenceCutoff": "2026-09-14",
    "chapters": 58,
    "movements": 8,
    "evidenceAnchors": 126,
    "claimCarrying": 104,
    "supporting": 22
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      "id": "E001",
      "lane": "B",
      "citation": "Vos J, Craig M, Cooper M. Existential therapies: a meta-analysis of their effects on psychological outcomes.",
      "year": 2015,
      "design": "Meta-analysis",
      "corpus": "15 unique-data RCTs; N=1,792",
      "signal": "Meaning-focused existential therapies improved meaning and showed moderate effects on psychopathology/self-efficacy; other existential modalities had weaker or nonsignificant evidence.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "A",
      "status": "Established/Convergent",
      "roles": [
        7,
        8,
        9,
        53
      ],
      "boundary": "Supports selected existential/meaning interventions, not existential philosophy in general; populations/interventions heterogeneous.",
      "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25045907/",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E002",
      "lane": "B",
      "citation": "Vos J et al. The effects of psychological meaning-centered therapies on quality of life and psychological stress: a meta-analysis.",
      "year": 2018,
      "design": "Meta-analysis",
      "corpus": "60 trials; N=3,713; 26 RCTs",
      "signal": "Meaning-centered therapies showed improvements in quality of life and psychological stress; meaning change covaried with stress reduction.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "A",
      "status": "Convergent",
      "roles": [
        8,
        18,
        36,
        53
      ],
      "boundary": "Broad meaning-centered family; many samples involve illness/transitional contexts rather than SUD.",
      "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30246682/",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E003",
      "lane": "B",
      "citation": "Breitbart W et al. Individual meaning-centered psychotherapy for psychological and existential distress.",
      "year": 2018,
      "design": "Randomized controlled trial",
      "corpus": "N=321 advanced cancer patients",
      "signal": "IMCP improved several meaning/distress outcomes versus enhanced usual care; effects were small-to-medium.",
      "directness": 4,
      "tier": "A",
      "status": "Established within population",
      "roles": [
        8,
        18,
        36
      ],
      "boundary": "Advanced cancer population; cannot be treated as direct evidence for addiction recovery.",
      "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29757459/",
      "lock": "supporting"
    },
    {
      "id": "E004",
      "lane": "B",
      "citation": "Wang Z et al. Effectiveness of meaning-centered interventions on existential distress and mental health outcomes.",
      "year": 2025,
      "design": "Systematic review + meta-analysis of RCTs",
      "corpus": "25 studies; 2,399 participants; 22 meta-analyzed",
      "signal": "Meaning-centered interventions improved quality of life, existential distress and depression in cancer contexts; not all outcomes improved.",
      "directness": 4,
      "tier": "A",
      "status": "Established within population",
      "roles": [
        8,
        18,
        53
      ],
      "boundary": "Cancer survivors/caregivers; transfer to recovery must remain indirect.",
      "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39450933/",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E005",
      "lane": "B",
      "citation": "The effects of psychosocial interventions on death anxiety: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.",
      "year": 2019,
      "design": "Systematic review + meta-analysis",
      "corpus": "RCT corpus",
      "signal": "Provides empirical boundary for treating death anxiety as modifiable rather than purely philosophical.",
      "directness": 4,
      "tier": "A",
      "status": "Convergent",
      "roles": [
        9,
        10,
        53
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      "boundary": "Death-anxiety treatment evidence is not equivalent to Yalom's full dynamic theory.",
      "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0887618518302512",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E006",
      "lane": "E",
      "citation": "Flückiger C et al. The alliance in adult psychotherapy: a meta-analytic synthesis.",
      "year": 2018,
      "design": "Meta-analysis",
      "corpus": "295 independent studies; >30,000 patients",
      "signal": "Therapeutic alliance is reliably associated with psychotherapy outcome across orientations.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "A",
      "status": "Established association",
      "roles": [
        11,
        24,
        38
      ],
      "boundary": "Does not empirically validate Buber's I–Thou ontology; use as convergent relational evidence only.",
      "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29792475/",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E007",
      "lane": "E",
      "citation": "Diener MJ, Monroe JM. Adult attachment style and therapeutic alliance: a meta-analytic review.",
      "year": 2011,
      "design": "Meta-analysis",
      "corpus": "17 independent samples; N=886",
      "signal": "Greater attachment security associated with stronger alliance; insecurity with weaker alliance.",
      "directness": 4,
      "tier": "A",
      "status": "Convergent",
      "roles": [
        11,
        24,
        38
      ],
      "boundary": "Attachment ≠ Buber; alliance association modest and not causal proof of relational ontology.",
      "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21604902/",
      "lock": "supporting"
    },
    {
      "id": "E008",
      "lane": "E",
      "citation": "Levy KN et al. Adult attachment as a predictor and moderator of psychotherapy outcome.",
      "year": 2018,
      "design": "Meta-analysis",
      "corpus": "36 studies; N=3,158",
      "signal": "Pretreatment attachment security associated with better psychotherapy outcomes; some evidence for interpersonal-focus moderation.",
      "directness": 4,
      "tier": "A",
      "status": "Convergent",
      "roles": [
        11,
        24,
        38
      ],
      "boundary": "General psychotherapy, not addiction-specific; moderator conclusions preliminary.",
      "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30238450/",
      "lock": "supporting"
    },
    {
      "id": "E009",
      "lane": "E",
      "citation": "Mallinckrodt B, Jeong J. Meta-analysis of client attachment to therapist.",
      "year": 2015,
      "design": "Meta-analysis",
      "corpus": "13 studies in meta-analytic subsets",
      "signal": "Client attachment to therapist relates to working alliance and pretherapy attachment patterns.",
      "directness": 4,
      "tier": "A",
      "status": "Convergent",
      "roles": [
        11,
        24,
        38
      ],
      "boundary": "Measures a psychotherapy relationship construct, not I–Thou directly.",
      "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25365151/",
      "lock": "supporting"
    },
    {
      "id": "E010",
      "lane": "C",
      "citation": "Luoma JB et al. Substance use and shame: a systematic and meta-analytic review.",
      "year": 2019,
      "design": "Systematic review + meta-analysis",
      "corpus": "42 studies; meta-analyses of 14 and 18 samples",
      "signal": "No overall association between shame and substance use; small association with substance-related problems; short-term effects are context-dependent.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "A",
      "status": "Established boundary",
      "roles": [
        21
      ],
      "boundary": "Strong warning against the simple claim that shame uniformly causes use or relapse.",
      "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30856404/",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E011",
      "lane": "C",
      "citation": "Snoek A et al. Managing shame and guilt in addiction: A pathway to recovery.",
      "year": 2021,
      "design": "Critical empirical/conceptual review",
      "corpus": "Empirical literature review",
      "signal": "Challenges the simple guilt-good/shame-bad dichotomy and emphasizes entanglement and context.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "B",
      "status": "Boundary/Convergent",
      "roles": [
        21
      ],
      "boundary": "Not a meta-analysis; use to refine interpretation, not as sole effect estimate.",
      "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33957551/",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E012",
      "lane": "C",
      "citation": "Donaldson A et al. Transformation of identity in substance use as a pathway to recovery.",
      "year": 2023,
      "design": "Systematic review",
      "corpus": "32 studies",
      "signal": "Recovery identity transformation is socially mediated; social support and turning points help movement toward recovery identity/citizenship.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "A",
      "status": "Convergent",
      "roles": [
        39,
        45,
        48,
        49
      ],
      "boundary": "Narrative synthesis; social mediation does not imply one universal recovery-identity pathway.",
      "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/add.16031",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E013",
      "lane": "C",
      "citation": "Bunaciu A et al. Measuring recovery capital for people recovering from alcohol and drug addiction.",
      "year": 2024,
      "design": "Systematic review",
      "corpus": "69 studies; 10 questionnaires; 41 constructs",
      "signal": "Recovery capital is multidimensional and measured heterogeneously; resources are important but conceptually fragmented.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "A",
      "status": "Established/Boundary",
      "roles": [
        39,
        54
      ],
      "boundary": "Supports resources/strengths; does not prove that resources automatically become meaningful attractors.",
      "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11262562/",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E014",
      "lane": "C",
      "citation": "Herchenroeder L et al. Application of Self-Determination Theory to Substance Use and Its Treatment.",
      "year": 2024,
      "design": "Scoping review",
      "corpus": "38 articles",
      "signal": "Autonomy/competence/relatedness processes are relevant across substance-use and treatment literature.",
      "directness": 4,
      "tier": "B",
      "status": "Convergent",
      "roles": [
        12,
        19,
        20
      ],
      "boundary": "SDT autonomy is not Sartrean freedom; conceptual mapping must remain explicit.",
      "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38789403/",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E015",
      "lane": "C",
      "citation": "Pickard H. Responsibility without Blame for Addiction.",
      "year": 2017,
      "design": "Clinical philosophy / ethics",
      "corpus": "Conceptual with clinical grounding",
      "signal": "Distinguishes holding responsible from blaming; useful scaffold for agency without shame.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "P",
      "status": "Transferred/Conceptual",
      "roles": [
        21
      ],
      "boundary": "Normative argument, not efficacy evidence.",
      "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5486507/",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E016",
      "lane": "D",
      "citation": "MacKillop J et al. Delayed reward discounting and addictive behavior: a meta-analysis.",
      "year": 2011,
      "design": "Meta-analysis",
      "corpus": "310 candidate articles; 46 studies; 64 comparisons; N=56,013",
      "signal": "Greater delayed-reward discounting is associated with addictive behavior, especially clinical samples, with substantial heterogeneity.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "A",
      "status": "Established association",
      "roles": [
        7,
        34,
        35,
        41,
        43
      ],
      "boundary": "Delay discounting is one mechanism/marker, not a total model of addiction or futurelessness.",
      "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3201846/",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E017",
      "lane": "D",
      "citation": "Ye J et al. A meta-analysis of the effects of episodic future thinking on delay discounting.",
      "year": 2022,
      "design": "Meta-analysis",
      "corpus": "47 studies; 63 contrasts",
      "signal": "EFT reduced delay discounting overall (Hedges g≈0.52), with valence and task moderators.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "A",
      "status": "Established experimental effect",
      "roles": [
        35,
        41,
        43
      ],
      "boundary": "Reduction in laboratory discounting is not identical to durable recovery or future meaning.",
      "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34841982/",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E018",
      "lane": "D",
      "citation": "Imagining the Future Can Shape the Present: systematic review of episodic future thinking on substance-use outcomes.",
      "year": 2024,
      "design": "Systematic review",
      "corpus": "1,238 records screened; 16 studies included",
      "signal": "Direct SUD literature supports EFT as promising for discounting and some substance-related outcomes, while evidence remains heterogeneous.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "A",
      "status": "Convergent",
      "roles": [
        35,
        36,
        41,
        43
      ],
      "boundary": "Small/heterogeneous intervention literature; do not overstate sustained clinical efficacy.",
      "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10713863/",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E019",
      "lane": "D",
      "citation": "Chen X, Wang H, Fan C. Episodic future thinking modulates delay discounting in problematic substance use.",
      "year": 2026,
      "design": "Narrative review with structured selection",
      "corpus": "684 potential papers; 21 empirical SUD studies",
      "signal": "Synthesizes current SUD-specific EFT work and highlights temporal-window mechanism as a plausible interpretation.",
      "directness": 4,
      "tier": "B",
      "status": "Convergent/Current",
      "roles": [
        35,
        41,
        43
      ],
      "boundary": "Narrative review; proposed mechanisms need longitudinal and mechanistic testing.",
      "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12907155/",
      "lock": "supporting"
    },
    {
      "id": "E020",
      "lane": "I",
      "citation": "Serre F et al. Ecological momentary assessment in craving and substance use in daily life.",
      "year": 2015,
      "design": "Systematic review",
      "corpus": "91 studies",
      "signal": "Craving measured in daily life is commonly associated with substance use; timing and within-person context matter strongly.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "A",
      "status": "Established methods/association",
      "roles": [
        3,
        5,
        29,
        32,
        42,
        46,
        54,
        55
      ],
      "boundary": "Corpus dominated by tobacco; craving is not the same as existential collapse.",
      "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25637078/",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E021",
      "lane": "C/I",
      "citation": "Barrado-Moreno V et al. Psychological flexibility and inflexibility in substance addiction.",
      "year": 2025,
      "design": "Systematic review + meta-analysis",
      "corpus": "24 studies",
      "signal": "Psychological flexibility/inflexibility dimensions show measurable associations with substance misuse.",
      "directness": 4,
      "tier": "A",
      "status": "Convergent",
      "roles": [
        25,
        32,
        44,
        52
      ],
      "boundary": "Construct overlap with FH must be tested, not assumed; avoid relabeling flexibility as viability margin.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-025-01468-4",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E022",
      "lane": "I",
      "citation": "Brandstätter M et al. Systematic review of meaning in life assessment instruments.",
      "year": 2012,
      "design": "Systematic review",
      "corpus": "59 instruments",
      "signal": "Meaning is measured through heterogeneous dimensions including presence/search, crisis, sources, activity and illness-specific forms.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "A",
      "status": "Established measurement boundary",
      "roles": [
        18,
        53,
        54
      ],
      "boundary": "No single meaning scale can operationalize the full Existential Possibility Field.",
      "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22232017/",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E023",
      "lane": "I",
      "citation": "Measuring purpose in life in the adult population: a scoping review.",
      "year": 2024,
      "design": "Scoping review",
      "corpus": "Large measurement literature; instrument mapping",
      "signal": "Purpose measurement is heterogeneous; instrument choice depends on construct definition and population.",
      "directness": 4,
      "tier": "B",
      "status": "Measurement boundary",
      "roles": [
        18,
        54
      ],
      "boundary": "Purpose ≠ meaning ≠ significance ≠ reachable life.",
      "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38690300/",
      "lock": "supporting"
    },
    {
      "id": "E024",
      "lane": "H",
      "citation": "Scheffer M et al. A Dynamical Systems View of Psychiatric Disorders—Practical Implications.",
      "year": 2024,
      "design": "Review",
      "corpus": "Psychiatry-focused dynamical-systems evidence",
      "signal": "Supports cautious use of tipping points, resilience and state transitions as psychiatric modeling language.",
      "directness": 4,
      "tier": "B/F",
      "status": "Transferred",
      "roles": [
        26,
        29,
        31,
        32,
        33,
        55,
        56
      ],
      "boundary": "Does not validate FH constructs or addiction-specific attractors; practical applicability remains under development.",
      "url": "https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abstract/2817086",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E025",
      "lane": "H",
      "citation": "Dablander F et al. Anticipating critical transitions in psychological systems using early warning signals.",
      "year": 2022,
      "design": "Theory + simulations / methodological analysis",
      "corpus": "Psychological dynamical systems",
      "signal": "Shows both promise and limitations of early-warning indicators in psychological systems.",
      "directness": 4,
      "tier": "F",
      "status": "Transferred/Boundary",
      "roles": [
        32,
        33,
        55,
        56
      ],
      "boundary": "Formal conditions may fail in empirical psychological time series; use as a caution as much as a tool.",
      "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34990190/",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E026",
      "lane": "H",
      "citation": "Computational Models of Drug Use and Addiction: A Review.",
      "year": 2020,
      "design": "Review",
      "corpus": "Computational addiction-model literature",
      "signal": "Provides formal frameworks for addiction while highlighting model assumptions and translation limits.",
      "directness": 4,
      "tier": "B/F",
      "status": "Transferred",
      "roles": [
        5,
        29,
        31,
        33,
        56
      ],
      "boundary": "Formal models should not be treated as direct proof of existential variables.",
      "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7416739/",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E027",
      "lane": "H",
      "citation": "A review of mathematical modeling of addiction regarding neuropsychological processes and social contagion.",
      "year": 2022,
      "design": "Review",
      "corpus": "Mathematical addiction models",
      "signal": "Useful for separating intra-individual dynamics from population/social models.",
      "directness": 4,
      "tier": "B/F",
      "status": "Transferred",
      "roles": [
        29,
        31,
        33,
        56
      ],
      "boundary": "Models simplify heterogeneous addiction mechanisms; no direct FH validation.",
      "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306460321003865",
      "lock": "supporting"
    },
    {
      "id": "E028",
      "lane": "G",
      "citation": "Fromm E. Psychoanalysis and Zen Buddhism.",
      "year": 1959,
      "design": "Primary theoretical text",
      "corpus": "Primary source",
      "signal": "Canonical Fromm–Zen bridge: awareness, alienation, being and transformation.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "P",
      "status": "Primary/Interpretive",
      "roles": [
        47,
        50,
        51,
        52
      ],
      "boundary": "Primary philosophical/psychoanalytic source; not clinical efficacy evidence and not equivalent to Buddhist doctrine as a whole.",
      "url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/psysoc/2/2/2_1959.79/_article/-char/en",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E029",
      "lane": "G",
      "citation": "Roland A. Erich Fromm's Involvement with Zen Buddhism.",
      "year": 2017,
      "design": "Historical scholarly article",
      "corpus": "Historical/intellectual analysis",
      "signal": "Documents the historical significance and context of Fromm's engagement with Zen and later psychoanalytic spirituality.",
      "directness": 4,
      "tier": "C",
      "status": "Context/Convergent",
      "roles": [
        47
      ],
      "boundary": "Historical interpretation, not evidence of therapeutic effect.",
      "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28746003/",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E030",
      "lane": "G",
      "citation": "Šumiga D. Fromm’s understanding of Buddhist philosophical theory and psychoanalysis.",
      "year": 2020,
      "design": "Scholarly conceptual analysis",
      "corpus": "Fromm/Buddhism scholarship",
      "signal": "Clarifies Fromm's distinction between phenomenal ego and being and examines similarities/differences with Buddhism.",
      "directness": 4,
      "tier": "C",
      "status": "Context/Transferred",
      "roles": [
        47,
        50,
        51
      ],
      "boundary": "Interpretive scholarship; do not collapse Zen, Buddhism and Fromm's humanistic psychoanalysis.",
      "url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0803706X.2018.1521006",
      "lock": "supporting"
    },
    {
      "id": "E031",
      "lane": "G",
      "citation": "Chen W, Shi L. Reassessing Fromm’s Framework for Integrating Zen Buddhism and Psychoanalysis.",
      "year": 2026,
      "design": "Qualitative thematic study",
      "corpus": "14 contemporary Chinese Zen practitioners",
      "signal": "Offers partial, context-dependent resonance with Fromm while explicitly identifying cultural/ethical limits.",
      "directness": 3,
      "tier": "C",
      "status": "Context/Boundary",
      "roles": [
        47,
        50,
        51,
        52
      ],
      "boundary": "Small qualitative sample; does not validate Fromm, Zen-as-therapy, or clinical efficacy.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/rel17080942",
      "lock": "supporting"
    },
    {
      "id": "E032",
      "lane": "F",
      "citation": "Peak Experiences: Some Empirical Tests.",
      "year": 1978,
      "design": "Cross-sectional survey",
      "corpus": "Random sample survey, San Francisco Bay Area",
      "signal": "Early empirical test found associations between reported peak experience and meaning/self-rated capability consistent with some Maslovian hypotheses.",
      "directness": 3,
      "tier": "C",
      "status": "Historical/Convergent",
      "roles": [
        14,
        22,
        40
      ],
      "boundary": "Older cross-sectional self-report; does not establish causality or validate Maslow's full framework.",
      "url": "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/002216787801800307",
      "lock": "supporting"
    },
    {
      "id": "E033",
      "lane": "F",
      "citation": "Being-Cognition, Peak-Experience, and Self-Actualization: Some Questions regarding Interrelationship.",
      "year": 1968,
      "design": "Critical conceptual note",
      "corpus": "Maslow framework critique",
      "signal": "Early internal critique questions whether B-cognition, peak experience and self-actualization form one tightly coupled construct.",
      "directness": 3,
      "tier": "C",
      "status": "Boundary",
      "roles": [
        14,
        22
      ],
      "boundary": "Not empirical synthesis; useful to prevent treating Maslow's late concepts as one validated scale.",
      "url": "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.2466/pr0.1968.23.3.836",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E034",
      "lane": "B/I",
      "citation": "Chavez-Baldini U et al. Existential concerns in psychopathology: a transdiagnostic network analysis.",
      "year": 2024,
      "design": "Cross-sectional network analysis",
      "corpus": "N=996",
      "signal": "Autonomy, identity and social connection appear centrally connected with symptom dimensions in a transdiagnostic sample.",
      "directness": 4,
      "tier": "B",
      "status": "Convergent",
      "roles": [
        9,
        10,
        13,
        19,
        24,
        53,
        54
      ],
      "boundary": "Cross-sectional network centrality does not establish causality or validate Yalom's dynamic model.",
      "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12443005/",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E035",
      "lane": "A",
      "citation": "Frankl VE. Man's Search for Meaning.",
      "year": "1946 / 1959",
      "design": "Primary autobiographical-philosophical text",
      "corpus": "Canonical primary work",
      "signal": "Frames meaning as a concrete demand of the situation and responsibility as response, while keeping suffering distinct from meaning itself.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "P",
      "status": "Primary/Interpretive",
      "roles": [
        4,
        8,
        13,
        16,
        18,
        36,
        58
      ],
      "boundary": "Primary testimony and philosophical interpretation; not treatment-efficacy evidence, not proof that suffering is necessary, and not a basis for moralizing survival or relapse.",
      "url": "https://www.viktorfrankl.org/standard_publist.html",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E036",
      "lane": "A",
      "citation": "Frankl VE. The Doctor and the Soul.",
      "year": 1946,
      "design": "Primary clinical-theoretical text",
      "corpus": "Canonical logotherapy / existential-analysis work",
      "signal": "Supplies the clinical vocabulary linking existential analysis, responsibility, noogenic distress, and meaning-oriented care.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "P",
      "status": "Primary/Interpretive",
      "roles": [
        6,
        8,
        21,
        36,
        53
      ],
      "boundary": "Clinical-theoretical source from its period; its constructs require contemporary operationalization and cannot substitute for outcome trials.",
      "url": "https://www.viktorfrankl.org/standard_publist.html",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E037",
      "lane": "A",
      "citation": "Frankl VE. The Will to Meaning.",
      "year": 1969,
      "design": "Primary clinical-philosophical text",
      "corpus": "Canonical logotherapy work",
      "signal": "Defines the existential vacuum and positions meaning orientation as irreducible to pleasure or power, sharpening the monograph's account of an empty post-escape life.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "P",
      "status": "Primary/Interpretive",
      "roles": [
        2,
        6,
        8,
        16,
        36
      ],
      "boundary": "Conceptual source, not evidence that a unitary 'will to meaning' is a measured causal mechanism in addiction or recovery.",
      "url": "https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/315814/the-will-to-meaning-by-viktor-e-frankl/",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E038",
      "lane": "A",
      "citation": "Yalom ID. Existential Psychotherapy.",
      "year": 1980,
      "design": "Primary clinical synthesis",
      "corpus": "Canonical dynamic existential-psychotherapy text",
      "signal": "Locks Yalom's model as dynamic psychotherapy organized around conflicts generated by death, freedom, isolation, and meaninglessness rather than as a loose philosophical attitude.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "P",
      "status": "Primary/Interpretive",
      "roles": [
        3,
        6,
        9,
        17,
        19,
        32,
        53
      ],
      "boundary": "Integrative clinical theory and case material; the four-concern architecture is not itself an RCT-tested package or a validated causal model.",
      "url": "https://www.yalom.com/existential-psychotherapy/",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E039",
      "lane": "A",
      "citation": "Yalom ID. The Gift of Therapy — Introduction.",
      "year": 2002,
      "design": "Primary practitioner text",
      "corpus": "Author's explicit methodological statement",
      "signal": "Provides a direct authorial statement that existential therapy is a dynamic approach, preventing the monograph from flattening Yalom into generic meaning talk.",
      "directness": 4,
      "tier": "P",
      "status": "Primary/Interpretive",
      "roles": [
        9,
        17,
        53
      ],
      "boundary": "Supportive clarification rather than a comprehensive theory source or empirical evaluation.",
      "url": "https://www.yalom.com/gift-of-therapy-introduction/",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E040",
      "lane": "A",
      "citation": "May R. The Meaning of Anxiety.",
      "year": 1950,
      "design": "Primary clinical-philosophical text",
      "corpus": "Canonical Rollo May work",
      "signal": "Distinguishes anxiety bound to threat from anxiety opened by possibility, supporting Freedom Load without treating all discomfort as pathology.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "P",
      "status": "Primary/Interpretive",
      "roles": [
        3,
        10,
        19,
        20,
        44
      ],
      "boundary": "Historically situated synthesis; does not establish contemporary diagnostic thresholds, addiction mechanisms, or intervention effects.",
      "url": "https://wwnorton.com/books/9780393350876",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E041",
      "lane": "A",
      "citation": "May R. The Courage to Create.",
      "year": 1975,
      "design": "Primary philosophical-cultural essays",
      "corpus": "Canonical Rollo May work",
      "signal": "Treats courage as action in the presence of uncertainty and nonbeing, giving the book a disciplined bridge from possibility to committed creation.",
      "directness": 4,
      "tier": "P",
      "status": "Primary/Interpretive",
      "roles": [
        10,
        20,
        23,
        37,
        44
      ],
      "boundary": "Humanistic-cultural argument, not a clinical protocol, measured trait model, or efficacy source.",
      "url": "https://wwnorton.co.uk/search/contributors?q=Rollo%2BMay",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E042",
      "lane": "A",
      "citation": "May R. The Discovery of Being.",
      "year": 1983,
      "design": "Primary clinical-philosophical synthesis",
      "corpus": "Canonical existential-psychology work",
      "signal": "Clarifies being, nonbeing, encounter, and the person-in-world as irreducible to isolated intrapsychic variables.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "P",
      "status": "Primary/Interpretive",
      "roles": [
        3,
        10,
        20,
        24,
        53
      ],
      "boundary": "Interpretive and clinical synthesis; neuroscience or contemporary process measures cannot be presented as proof of May's ontology.",
      "url": "https://books.google.com/books/about/Discovery_Of_Being.html?id=u5BM8sqqTFcC",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E043",
      "lane": "A",
      "citation": "Buber M. I and Thou.",
      "year": "1923 / 1970 trans.",
      "design": "Primary philosophical text",
      "corpus": "Canonical Buber work; Kaufmann translation",
      "signal": "Defines I–Thou and I–It as modes of relation, grounding relational presence without reducing it to social support or attachment style.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "P",
      "status": "Primary/Interpretive",
      "roles": [
        11,
        24,
        38,
        47,
        58
      ],
      "boundary": "Relational ontology, not an attachment theory, psychotherapy outcome mechanism, or neuroscientific claim.",
      "url": "https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/I-And-Thou/Martin-Buber/9780684717258",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E044",
      "lane": "A",
      "citation": "Sartre J-P. Being and Nothingness.",
      "year": 1943,
      "design": "Primary philosophical text",
      "corpus": "Canonical Sartre work",
      "signal": "Supplies the tension between facticity and transcendence, plus bad faith and the Look, for a non-naive account of freedom under constraint.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "P",
      "status": "Primary/Interpretive",
      "roles": [
        12,
        16,
        19,
        20,
        24,
        44,
        50
      ],
      "boundary": "Phenomenological ontology, not a measured decision model; radical freedom must not erase coercion, neuroadaptation, trauma, poverty, or clinical impairment.",
      "url": "https://ophen.org/pub-141659",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E045",
      "lane": "A",
      "citation": "Sartre J-P. Existentialism Is a Humanism.",
      "year": 1946,
      "design": "Primary public lecture / philosophical defense",
      "corpus": "Canonical Sartre lecture text",
      "signal": "Condenses self-making and responsibility into an accessible formulation that can be held against facticity and relational constraint.",
      "directness": 4,
      "tier": "P",
      "status": "Primary/Interpretive",
      "roles": [
        12,
        16,
        19,
        21,
        44
      ],
      "boundary": "Popular lecture and contested simplification; it must be read with the fuller ontology and never used to blame people for constrained states.",
      "url": "https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/cross_fac/complexity/people/students/dtc/students2011/maitrei/sartre-existentialism-is-a-humanism.pdf",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E046",
      "lane": "A",
      "citation": "Camus A. The Myth of Sisyphus.",
      "year": 1942,
      "design": "Primary philosophical-literary essay",
      "corpus": "Canonical Camus work",
      "signal": "Makes lucid confrontation with the absurd compatible with continued living, revolt, and freedom without requiring a final cosmic answer.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "P",
      "status": "Primary/Interpretive",
      "roles": [
        5,
        13,
        17,
        25,
        52,
        57
      ],
      "boundary": "Philosophical literature, not suicide-risk guidance or prevention evidence; quotations must not aestheticize despair or displace clinical safety practice.",
      "url": "https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Myth_of_Sisyphus.html?id=zaPoAQAAQBAJ",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E047",
      "lane": "A",
      "citation": "Camus A. The Rebel.",
      "year": 1951,
      "design": "Primary philosophical-historical essay",
      "corpus": "Canonical Camus work",
      "signal": "Adds limit and solidarity to revolt, preventing recovery from being framed as either passive acceptance or limitless self-assertion.",
      "directness": 4,
      "tier": "P",
      "status": "Primary/Interpretive",
      "roles": [
        13,
        21,
        25,
        44,
        52
      ],
      "boundary": "Intellectual history and moral philosophy, not evidence for treatment outcomes or a universal politics of recovery.",
      "url": "https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/23419/the-rebel-by-albert-camus/",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E048",
      "lane": "A/F",
      "citation": "Maslow AH. Toward a Psychology of Being.",
      "year": "1962 / 1998 3rd ed.",
      "design": "Primary humanistic-psychology text",
      "corpus": "Canonical Maslow work",
      "signal": "Separates deficiency motivation from growth and Being-cognition, anchoring Maslow beyond the familiar hierarchy diagram.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "P",
      "status": "Primary/Interpretive",
      "roles": [
        4,
        14,
        22,
        23,
        37,
        40
      ],
      "boundary": "Generative theory built partly from selective exemplars; not a validated universal stage sequence or direct recovery-efficacy claim.",
      "url": "https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Toward+a+Psychology+of+Being%2C+3rd+Edition-p-9780471293095",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E049",
      "lane": "A/F",
      "citation": "Maslow AH. The Farther Reaches of Human Nature.",
      "year": 1971,
      "design": "Primary posthumous humanistic-psychology collection",
      "corpus": "Canonical late Maslow work",
      "signal": "Extends the frame toward B-values, peak experience, and self-transcendence, making clear that the mature Maslow is not exhausted by self-actualization.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "P",
      "status": "Primary/Interpretive",
      "roles": [
        14,
        18,
        22,
        23,
        37,
        40
      ],
      "boundary": "Late essays and lectures vary in evidential status; they do not establish a single scale, hierarchy, or clinical mechanism.",
      "url": "https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/322518/the-farther-reaches-of-human-nature-by-abraham-h-maslow/",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E050",
      "lane": "A/F",
      "citation": "Maslow AH. A Theory of Human Motivation.",
      "year": 1943,
      "design": "Primary theoretical article",
      "corpus": "Foundational motivation theory",
      "signal": "Presents needs as relatively prepotent and overlapping rather than as a rigid five-step staircase, correcting a central popular distortion.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "P",
      "status": "Primary/Interpretive",
      "roles": [
        2,
        14,
        22,
        23,
        39
      ],
      "boundary": "Theoretical proposal, not a universal invariant hierarchy; cultural, developmental, and contextual variation remain open.",
      "url": "https://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Maslow/motivation.htm",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E051",
      "lane": "A/F",
      "citation": "Maslow AH. A Theory of Metamotivation: The Biological Rooting of the Value-Life.",
      "year": 1967,
      "design": "Primary theoretical article",
      "corpus": "Late Maslow theory",
      "signal": "Specifies metamotivation and B-values as a distinct value-life problem, strengthening the capacity-versus-direction dialectic.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "P",
      "status": "Primary/Interpretive",
      "roles": [
        14,
        18,
        22,
        23,
        37
      ],
      "boundary": "Speculative humanistic theory with biological language that should not be read as established neurobiology or a validated clinical pathway.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/002216786700700201",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E052",
      "lane": "F",
      "citation": "Koltko-Rivera ME. Rediscovering the Later Version of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Self-Transcendence and Opportunities for Theory, Research, and Unification.",
      "year": 2006,
      "design": "Historical-conceptual review",
      "corpus": "Maslow publications and later hierarchy scholarship",
      "signal": "Documents Maslow's late placement of self-transcendence beyond self-actualization and identifies testable consequences of that revision.",
      "directness": 4,
      "tier": "C",
      "status": "Context/Boundary",
      "roles": [
        14,
        22,
        23,
        53
      ],
      "boundary": "Historical reconstruction and theoretical proposal; it does not itself validate the revised hierarchy or show benefit in addiction recovery.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.10.4.302",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E053",
      "lane": "F",
      "citation": "Kaufman SB. Self-Actualizing People in the 21st Century: Integration With Contemporary Theory and Research on Personality and Well-Being.",
      "year": "2018 online / 2023 issue",
      "design": "Scale construction and cross-sectional validation",
      "corpus": "Online adult samples; contemporary personality and well-being measures",
      "signal": "Operationalizes a coherent set of self-actualizing characteristics and tests their nomological links, allowing Maslow claims to be separated from mere quotation.",
      "directness": 4,
      "tier": "B",
      "status": "Convergent",
      "roles": [
        14,
        22,
        23,
        40,
        53
      ],
      "boundary": "Cross-sectional self-report and author-derived operationalization; no hierarchy test, causal inference, or recovery-specific validation.",
      "url": "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0022167818809187",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E054",
      "lane": "F",
      "citation": "Levenson MR et al. Self-Transcendence: Conceptualization and Measurement.",
      "year": 2005,
      "design": "Construct development and psychometric validation",
      "corpus": "Adult samples used to develop the Adult Self-Transcendence Inventory",
      "signal": "Provides a measurable developmental account of self-transcendence that is not identical to peak experience, religiosity, or self-erasure.",
      "directness": 4,
      "tier": "B",
      "status": "Convergent",
      "roles": [
        18,
        22,
        23,
        50,
        53
      ],
      "boundary": "Scale evidence does not validate Maslow's hierarchy, Buddhist no-self, or causal benefit; aging/developmental framing may not generalize to SUD samples.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.2190/XRXM-FYRA-7U0X-GRC0",
      "lock": "supporting"
    },
    {
      "id": "E055",
      "lane": "F",
      "citation": "Yaden DB et al. The Varieties of Self-Transcendent Experience.",
      "year": 2017,
      "design": "Integrative conceptual review and taxonomy",
      "corpus": "Psychological, contemplative, religious, and clinical literatures",
      "signal": "Separates transient self-transcendent experiences from enduring traits and prosocial outcomes, preventing peak states from standing in for a livable recovery ecology.",
      "directness": 4,
      "tier": "B",
      "status": "Convergent/Boundary",
      "roles": [
        14,
        18,
        22,
        23,
        47,
        53
      ],
      "boundary": "Taxonomy spans heterogeneous phenomena and evidence qualities; intense states are neither necessary nor sufficient for recovery or durable change.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1037/gpr0000102",
      "lock": "supporting"
    },
    {
      "id": "E056",
      "lane": "F",
      "citation": "Ryff CD. Happiness Is Everything, or Is It? Explorations on the Meaning of Psychological Well-Being.",
      "year": 1989,
      "design": "Theory integration and measure development",
      "corpus": "Well-being theories and initial psychometric studies",
      "signal": "Defines well-being multidimensionally—purpose, growth, autonomy, mastery, relations, and self-acceptance—so 'a life worth moving toward' is not reduced to positive affect.",
      "directness": 4,
      "tier": "B",
      "status": "Convergent",
      "roles": [
        18,
        23,
        36,
        39,
        40,
        54
      ],
      "boundary": "Normative dimensions and self-report measurement; not an addiction-specific model and not proof that all dimensions form one universal endpoint.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069",
      "lock": "supporting"
    },
    {
      "id": "E057",
      "lane": "F",
      "citation": "Ryan RM, Deci EL. On Happiness and Human Potentials: A Review of Research on Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being.",
      "year": 2001,
      "design": "Narrative review",
      "corpus": "Hedonic and eudaimonic well-being literatures",
      "signal": "Establishes that feeling good and functioning well are related but non-identical evaluative frames, sharpening the pleasure-versus-viability distinction.",
      "directness": 4,
      "tier": "A",
      "status": "Convergent",
      "roles": [
        18,
        22,
        23,
        36,
        40,
        54
      ],
      "boundary": "Broad review rather than SUD evidence; eudaimonia is not a single agreed construct and cannot be equated wholesale with Maslow or existential meaning.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E058",
      "lane": "F/I",
      "citation": "Martela F, Steger MF. The Three Meanings of Meaning in Life: Distinguishing Coherence, Purpose, and Significance.",
      "year": 2016,
      "design": "Conceptual synthesis",
      "corpus": "Meaning-in-life theory and measurement literature",
      "signal": "Separates coherence, purpose, and significance, preventing 'meaning' from operating as one opaque outcome in the evidence map.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "C",
      "status": "Context/Definition",
      "roles": [
        7,
        13,
        16,
        18,
        36,
        53,
        54
      ],
      "boundary": "Conceptual distinctions require measure-specific testing; the three-part model is not itself evidence of clinical mechanism or intervention efficacy.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2015.1137623",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E059",
      "lane": "F/I",
      "citation": "King LA, Hicks JA. The Science of Meaning in Life.",
      "year": 2021,
      "design": "Authoritative narrative review",
      "corpus": "Experimental, correlational, and theoretical meaning-in-life literature",
      "signal": "Synthesizes sources, functions, and consequences of perceived meaning while separating everyday meaning from grand cosmic purpose.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "A",
      "status": "Convergent",
      "roles": [
        7,
        13,
        16,
        18,
        36,
        53,
        54,
        58
      ],
      "boundary": "Meaning measures and study designs are heterogeneous and predominantly nonclinical; association with well-being does not establish a recovery mechanism.",
      "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-psych-072420-122921",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E060",
      "lane": "A/G",
      "citation": "Fromm E. Escape from Freedom.",
      "year": 1941,
      "design": "Primary social-psychoanalytic text",
      "corpus": "Canonical Fromm work",
      "signal": "Defines freedom as both liberation and burden and describes escape mechanisms, giving Freedom Load a social and relational—not merely individual—history.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "P",
      "status": "Primary/Interpretive",
      "roles": [
        2,
        5,
        15,
        19,
        20,
        48
      ],
      "boundary": "Historical social theory and psychoanalytic interpretation; not a diagnostic taxonomy, causal addiction model, or contemporary efficacy source.",
      "url": "https://fromm-online.org/en/",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E061",
      "lane": "A/G",
      "citation": "Fromm E. The Art of Loving.",
      "year": 1956,
      "design": "Primary humanistic-psychoanalytic text",
      "corpus": "Canonical Fromm work",
      "signal": "Treats love as an active capacity involving care, responsibility, respect, and knowledge, supporting relation as practice rather than rescue or possession.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "P",
      "status": "Primary/Interpretive",
      "roles": [
        11,
        15,
        24,
        38,
        47,
        49
      ],
      "boundary": "Normative philosophical-psychoanalytic account; not an attachment measure, couple-therapy manual, or evidence that love alone changes addiction outcomes.",
      "url": "https://fromm-online.org/en/",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E062",
      "lane": "A/G",
      "citation": "Fromm E. To Have or To Be?",
      "year": 1976,
      "design": "Primary social-philosophical text",
      "corpus": "Canonical late Fromm work",
      "signal": "Contrasts having and being orientations, directly structuring the distinction between possessing recovery markers and inhabiting recovery as a way of life.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "P",
      "status": "Primary/Interpretive",
      "roles": [
        2,
        15,
        37,
        47,
        48,
        49
      ],
      "boundary": "Normative social critique, not a validated binary trait model; material security and recovery capital must not be dismissed as mere 'having.'",
      "url": "https://fromm-online.org/en/",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E063",
      "lane": "A/G",
      "citation": "Fromm E. The Art of Being.",
      "year": 1992,
      "design": "Posthumous primary-text compilation",
      "corpus": "Late Fromm lectures and writings",
      "signal": "Extends being orientation into attention, awareness, practice, and relinquishment, offering a disciplined practical bridge toward nonattachment.",
      "directness": 4,
      "tier": "P",
      "status": "Primary/Interpretive",
      "roles": [
        15,
        37,
        47,
        49,
        51,
        52
      ],
      "boundary": "Posthumous editorial construction and practical philosophy; source provenance must be handled carefully and it is not clinical efficacy evidence.",
      "url": "https://fromm-online.org/en/",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E064",
      "lane": "G",
      "citation": "Sahdra BK, Shaver PR, Brown KW. A Scale to Measure Nonattachment: A Buddhist Complement to Western Research on Attachment and Adaptive Functioning.",
      "year": 2010,
      "design": "Scale development and validation",
      "corpus": "Multiple adult samples",
      "signal": "Operationalizes nonattachment as flexible nonfixation distinct from detachment, avoidance, or absence of close bonds.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "B",
      "status": "Convergent",
      "roles": [
        46,
        47,
        49,
        50,
        51,
        52,
        54
      ],
      "boundary": "Self-report construct derived for psychological research; it is not equivalent to Buddhist doctrine as a whole, secure attachment, or causal change.",
      "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20155561/",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E065",
      "lane": "G",
      "citation": "Sahdra B, Ciarrochi J, Parker PD. Nonattachment and Mindfulness: Related but Distinct Constructs.",
      "year": 2016,
      "design": "Multi-study psychometric comparison",
      "corpus": "Adult samples; nonattachment and mindfulness measures",
      "signal": "Shows nonattachment and mindfulness should not be treated as synonyms, requiring the Fromm–Zen bridge to specify the process it invokes.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "B",
      "status": "Convergent",
      "roles": [
        47,
        50,
        51,
        52,
        54
      ],
      "boundary": "Predominantly self-report and nonclinical; discriminant association does not establish temporal or causal precedence.",
      "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27078180/",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E066",
      "lane": "G",
      "citation": "Ho CYY, Yu BCL, Mak WWS. Nonattachment Mediates the Associations Between Mindfulness, Well-Being, and Psychological Distress: A Meta-Analytic Structural Equation Modeling Approach.",
      "year": 2022,
      "design": "Meta-analytic structural equation modeling",
      "corpus": "41 independent cross-sectional datasets; N=24,704",
      "signal": "Finds nonattachment statistically distinguishes and partially links mindfulness with well-being and distress, making it a candidate process rather than decorative Buddhist language.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "A",
      "status": "Convergent",
      "roles": [
        7,
        47,
        49,
        50,
        51,
        52,
        54
      ],
      "boundary": "All included datasets were cross-sectional; mediation is statistical, not causal, and neither Fromm nor addiction recovery was directly tested.",
      "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35690041/",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E067",
      "lane": "G",
      "citation": "Grabovac AD, Lau MA, Willett BR. Mechanisms of Mindfulness: A Buddhist Psychological Model.",
      "year": 2011,
      "design": "Conceptual model and clinical translation",
      "corpus": "Buddhist psychological analysis and mindfulness-treatment literature",
      "signal": "Differentiates contact, feeling tone, craving, clinging, and reactions, offering a process vocabulary for how grasping can steepen an Exit Attractor.",
      "directness": 4,
      "tier": "C",
      "status": "Transferred/Definition",
      "roles": [
        5,
        29,
        47,
        50,
        51,
        52
      ],
      "boundary": "Selective model of Buddhist psychology, not the tradition as a whole; proposed mechanisms are not direct evidence for FH dynamics or addiction outcomes.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-011-0054-5",
      "lock": "supporting"
    },
    {
      "id": "E068",
      "lane": "G",
      "citation": "Lindahl JR et al. The Varieties of Contemplative Experience: A Mixed-Methods Study of Meditation-Related Challenges in Western Buddhists.",
      "year": 2017,
      "design": "Mixed-methods qualitative taxonomy",
      "corpus": "Western Buddhist practitioners and meditation experts",
      "signal": "Documents a wide range of difficult meditation-related experiences, preventing nonattachment and contemplative practice from being presented as uniformly benign or linear.",
      "directness": 4,
      "tier": "B",
      "status": "Boundary",
      "roles": [
        46,
        47,
        50,
        51,
        52,
        57
      ],
      "boundary": "Purposive retrospective sample designed to map varieties, not estimate prevalence or causality; not specific to addiction recovery.",
      "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0176239",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E069",
      "lane": "G",
      "citation": "Van Dam NT et al. Mind the Hype: A Critical Evaluation and Prescriptive Agenda for Research on Mindfulness and Meditation.",
      "year": 2018,
      "design": "Critical methodological review",
      "corpus": "Mindfulness and meditation research literature",
      "signal": "Identifies definitional, measurement, comparison-group, adverse-event, and media-translation problems that must bound any contemplative bridge.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "B",
      "status": "Boundary",
      "roles": [
        46,
        47,
        50,
        52,
        53,
        56
      ],
      "boundary": "Field-wide critique rather than a meta-analysis of one intervention; it constrains claims but does not show that all contemplative interventions are ineffective.",
      "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5758421/",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E070",
      "lane": "G",
      "citation": "Goyal M et al. Meditation Programs for Psychological Stress and Well-Being: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.",
      "year": 2014,
      "design": "Systematic review and meta-analysis",
      "corpus": "47 randomized trials; N=3,515",
      "signal": "Finds small-to-moderate evidence for selected distress outcomes and weaker or insufficient evidence for others, setting a calibrated clinical ceiling for meditation claims.",
      "directness": 4,
      "tier": "A",
      "status": "Established/Boundary",
      "roles": [
        46,
        47,
        49,
        51,
        52,
        53
      ],
      "boundary": "Meditation programs are heterogeneous and comparison conditions matter; results do not validate Zen, Fromm, nonattachment, or addiction-specific effects.",
      "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4142584/",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E071",
      "lane": "G/I",
      "citation": "Desbordes G et al. Moving Beyond Mindfulness: Defining Equanimity as an Outcome Measure in Meditation and Contemplative Research.",
      "year": 2015,
      "design": "Conceptual and measurement framework",
      "corpus": "Contemplative traditions and psychological science",
      "signal": "Defines equanimity as an outcome separable from attention and relaxation, offering a candidate operational boundary for acceptance without passivity.",
      "directness": 4,
      "tier": "C",
      "status": "Transferred/Definition",
      "roles": [
        25,
        47,
        50,
        52,
        54
      ],
      "boundary": "Proposed construct framework; measurement validity, mechanisms, and clinical relevance require empirical testing and cannot be presumed from tradition.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-013-0269-8",
      "lock": "supporting"
    },
    {
      "id": "E072",
      "lane": "H",
      "citation": "Scheffer M et al. Early-Warning Signals for Critical Transitions.",
      "year": 2009,
      "design": "Cross-domain theoretical and empirical synthesis",
      "corpus": "Ecological, climate, physiological, and other complex systems",
      "signal": "Identifies critical slowing down and rising variance/autocorrelation as possible precursors of some regime shifts, giving Collapse Signature a testable formal ancestry.",
      "directness": 3,
      "tier": "B/F",
      "status": "Transferred",
      "roles": [
        7,
        26,
        27,
        31,
        32,
        55,
        56
      ],
      "boundary": "Cross-domain transfer; early-warning patterns are not universal, can be confounded, and have not been validated as individual addiction-recovery predictors.",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nature08227",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E073",
      "lane": "H/I",
      "citation": "van de Leemput IA et al. Critical Slowing Down as Early Warning for the Onset and Termination of Depression.",
      "year": 2014,
      "design": "Population analysis plus intensive longitudinal illustration",
      "corpus": "Large depression-symptom datasets and repeated affect measurements",
      "signal": "Connects dynamical early-warning concepts to psychopathology data and motivates preregistered within-person testing of slowing near state transitions.",
      "directness": 4,
      "tier": "B/F",
      "status": "Transferred/Convergent",
      "roles": [
        26,
        32,
        55,
        56
      ],
      "boundary": "Depression evidence, not addiction or existential-state validation; group-level/cross-sectional patterns do not yield reliable individual forecasts.",
      "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3890822/",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E074",
      "lane": "H",
      "citation": "Cramer AOJ et al. Major Depression as a Complex Dynamic System.",
      "year": 2016,
      "design": "Complex-systems theory and symptom-network modeling",
      "corpus": "Depression symptom-network models and simulations",
      "signal": "Shows how reciprocal symptom interactions can generate self-sustaining states and hysteresis-like behavior without a single latent cause.",
      "directness": 4,
      "tier": "F",
      "status": "Transferred",
      "roles": [
        5,
        26,
        29,
        30,
        31,
        32,
        55
      ],
      "boundary": "Illustrative depression model; network edges and simulated attractors do not establish causal mechanisms or validate FH constructs in people with SUD.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167490",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E075",
      "lane": "H/I",
      "citation": "Boettiger C, Hastings A. Early Warning Signals and the Prosecutor's Fallacy.",
      "year": 2012,
      "design": "Statistical and simulation critique",
      "corpus": "Stochastic dynamical-system models",
      "signal": "Demonstrates how conditioning on observed transitions can exaggerate apparent warning-signal performance, defining a mandatory falsification control for FH tests.",
      "directness": 4,
      "tier": "F",
      "status": "Transferred/Boundary",
      "roles": [
        53,
        55,
        56
      ],
      "boundary": "Formal warning about inference; does not show that early-warning signals are always useless, and its models are not clinical datasets.",
      "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23055060/",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E076",
      "lane": "H",
      "citation": "Gu S et al. Controllability of Structural Brain Networks.",
      "year": 2015,
      "design": "Network-control modeling of human connectomes",
      "corpus": "Diffusion-imaging structural brain networks",
      "signal": "Formalizes how network architecture constrains movement among modeled states, sharpening the distinction between possible states and controllable or reachable ones.",
      "directness": 3,
      "tier": "B/F",
      "status": "Transferred",
      "roles": [
        26,
        27,
        28,
        31,
        43,
        54
      ],
      "boundary": "Linear time-invariant model on estimated structural networks; controllability metrics are not direct measures of lived choice, treatment leverage, or existential possibility.",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms9414",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E077",
      "lane": "H",
      "citation": "Tang E, Bassett DS. Control of Dynamics in Brain Networks.",
      "year": 2018,
      "design": "Colloquium review",
      "corpus": "Network neuroscience and control-theory literature",
      "signal": "Clarifies control energy, state transitions, driver nodes, and model assumptions, providing formal language for reachability without treating it as metaphor alone.",
      "directness": 3,
      "tier": "B/F",
      "status": "Transferred",
      "roles": [
        26,
        27,
        28,
        31,
        43,
        54
      ],
      "boundary": "Review of mathematical brain-network models; no direct validation of psychological choice, addiction recovery, or FH intervention targets.",
      "url": "https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.90.031003",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E078",
      "lane": "H/I",
      "citation": "Karrer TM et al. A Practical Guide to Methodological Considerations in Controllability of Structural Brain Networks.",
      "year": 2020,
      "design": "Methodological analysis and robustness guide",
      "corpus": "Structural-connectome network-control pipelines",
      "signal": "Shows that normalization, model specification, and other analytic choices materially alter controllability estimates, setting a boundary for all reachability analogies.",
      "directness": 4,
      "tier": "B/F",
      "status": "Transferred/Boundary",
      "roles": [
        27,
        28,
        53,
        54,
        56
      ],
      "boundary": "Methodological brain-network paper; cautions against reifying model outputs and offers no clinical threshold for existential reachability.",
      "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31968320/",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E079",
      "lane": "H/I",
      "citation": "Tu C et al. Warnings and Caveats in Brain Controllability.",
      "year": 2018,
      "design": "Reanalysis across connectome datasets",
      "corpus": "Four structural-brain-network datasets and randomized comparisons",
      "signal": "Challenges strong node-specific interpretations of common controllability metrics, requiring FH to state model dependence and alternative nulls explicitly.",
      "directness": 4,
      "tier": "B/F",
      "status": "Transferred/Boundary",
      "roles": [
        27,
        28,
        53,
        54,
        56
      ],
      "boundary": "Debate within network neuroscience and dependent on modeling choices; it neither invalidates control theory nor supports FH clinical claims.",
      "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29654874/",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E080",
      "lane": "H",
      "citation": "Murphy BK, Miller KD. Balanced Amplification: A New Mechanism of Selective Amplification of Neural Activity Patterns.",
      "year": 2009,
      "design": "Computational and analytical network model",
      "corpus": "Balanced recurrent neural-network models",
      "signal": "Demonstrates selective transient amplification produced by non-normal recurrent structure without a long-lived unstable mode, giving Non-Normal Lives a precise mechanistic analogue.",
      "directness": 3,
      "tier": "F",
      "status": "Transferred",
      "roles": [
        28,
        29,
        33,
        34,
        55
      ],
      "boundary": "Neural circuit model, not human behavior or addiction evidence; transient amplification is an analogy until mapped to measured recovery dynamics.",
      "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2667957/",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E081",
      "lane": "H",
      "citation": "Hennequin G, Vogels TP, Gerstner W. Non-Normal Amplification in Random Balanced Neuronal Networks.",
      "year": 2012,
      "design": "Analytical and computational network study",
      "corpus": "Random balanced neuronal-network models",
      "signal": "Specifies conditions under which stable non-normal systems produce large transients, separating short-term amplification from asymptotic instability.",
      "directness": 3,
      "tier": "F",
      "status": "Transferred",
      "roles": [
        28,
        29,
        33,
        34,
        55
      ],
      "boundary": "Idealized model; no evidence that craving, despair, or relapse follows the same matrix geometry in individuals.",
      "url": "https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevE.86.011909",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E082",
      "lane": "H",
      "citation": "Hennequin G, Vogels TP, Gerstner W. Optimal Control of Transient Dynamics in Balanced Networks Supports Generation of Complex Movements.",
      "year": 2014,
      "design": "Computational optimal-control study",
      "corpus": "Balanced recurrent network models of movement generation",
      "signal": "Shows that targeted control can shape transient trajectories in stable networks, supporting a formal distinction between suppressing a state and steering toward a viable trajectory.",
      "directness": 3,
      "tier": "F",
      "status": "Transferred",
      "roles": [
        27,
        28,
        33,
        37,
        43,
        54
      ],
      "boundary": "Motor-network model; it does not establish psychosocial control inputs, clinical feasibility, or a neural implementation of FH constructs.",
      "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24945778/",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E083",
      "lane": "H",
      "citation": "Trefethen LN et al. Hydrodynamic Stability Without Eigenvalues.",
      "year": 1993,
      "design": "Mathematical analysis with fluid-dynamics examples",
      "corpus": "Non-normal linear operators in hydrodynamic stability",
      "signal": "Establishes that eigenvalue stability can coexist with large transient growth, supplying the cleanest formal warning against equating eventual stability with near-term safety.",
      "directness": 2,
      "tier": "F",
      "status": "Transferred",
      "roles": [
        27,
        28,
        33,
        34,
        55
      ],
      "boundary": "Remote physical-system analogy; no biological, psychological, or clinical inference is licensed without an explicit mapping and empirical test.",
      "url": "https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.261.5121.578",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E084",
      "lane": "H",
      "citation": "Wu YK, Zenke F. Nonlinear Transient Amplification in Recurrent Neural Networks With Short-Term Plasticity.",
      "year": 2021,
      "design": "Computational nonlinear network study",
      "corpus": "Recurrent neural networks with short-term synaptic plasticity",
      "signal": "Shows transient amplification can arise through nonlinear short-term plasticity even with symmetric connectivity, broadening the formal mechanisms relevant to sudden state escalation.",
      "directness": 3,
      "tier": "F",
      "status": "Transferred",
      "roles": [
        28,
        29,
        33,
        34,
        55
      ],
      "boundary": "Computational neural model; it does not identify a human biomarker, predict relapse, or validate the Exit Attractor.",
      "url": "https://elifesciences.org/articles/71263",
      "lock": "supporting"
    },
    {
      "id": "E085",
      "lane": "B",
      "citation": "Lee EB, An W, Levin ME, Twohig MP. An initial meta-analysis of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for treating substance use disorders. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2015;155:1–7.",
      "year": 2015,
      "design": "Meta-analysis",
      "corpus": "10 controlled studies of ACT for substance use disorders",
      "signal": "ACT showed small-to-medium benefits relative to active comparators after treatment, with somewhat larger effects at follow-up.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "A",
      "status": "Convergent",
      "roles": [
        8,
        16,
        18,
        36,
        53
      ],
      "boundary": "Only 10 heterogeneous studies were available; the synthesis does not show that existential meaning itself causes recovery.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.08.004",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E086",
      "lane": "B",
      "citation": "Breitbart W et al. Meaning-centered group psychotherapy: an effective intervention for improving psychological well-being in patients with advanced cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(7):749–754.",
      "year": 2015,
      "design": "Randomized controlled trial",
      "corpus": "N=253 patients with advanced cancer",
      "signal": "Meaning-centered group psychotherapy improved spiritual well-being, meaning, quality of life, depression, and hopelessness versus a supportive group comparator on selected outcomes.",
      "directness": 3,
      "tier": "A",
      "status": "Established within population",
      "roles": [
        8,
        18,
        22,
        36,
        53
      ],
      "boundary": "Advanced-cancer population and a structured oncology intervention; effect sizes cannot be transferred to substance-use recovery.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2014.57.2198",
      "lock": "supporting"
    },
    {
      "id": "E087",
      "lane": "B",
      "citation": "Rodin G et al. Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM): A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for Patients With Advanced Cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(23):2422–2432.",
      "year": 2018,
      "design": "Randomized controlled trial",
      "corpus": "N=305 patients with advanced cancer; 151 CALM and 154 usual care",
      "signal": "CALM produced small reductions in depressive symptoms and improved preparation for end of life at measured follow-ups.",
      "directness": 3,
      "tier": "A",
      "status": "Established within population",
      "roles": [
        8,
        17,
        18,
        36,
        57
      ],
      "boundary": "Unblinded oncology trial with small effects; it is not direct evidence for addiction treatment or an existential mechanism of recovery.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2017.77.1097",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E088",
      "lane": "B",
      "citation": "Chochinov HM et al. Effect of dignity therapy on distress and end-of-life experience in terminally ill patients: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2011;12(8):753–762.",
      "year": 2011,
      "design": "Randomized controlled trial",
      "corpus": "N=441 patients with terminal illness",
      "signal": "Dignity therapy was highly acceptable and improved some patient-rated dignity, helpfulness, and end-of-life experience outcomes, while the primary distress outcome was not clearly superior.",
      "directness": 3,
      "tier": "A",
      "status": "Convergent/Boundary",
      "roles": [
        8,
        17,
        22,
        37,
        57
      ],
      "boundary": "Terminal-illness context and a null primary distress result preclude a global efficacy claim or direct transfer to substance-use recovery.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70153-X",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E089",
      "lane": "B",
      "citation": "van der Spek N et al. Efficacy of meaning-centered group psychotherapy for cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med. 2017;47(11):1990–2001.",
      "year": 2017,
      "design": "Randomized controlled trial",
      "corpus": "N=170 cancer survivors; meaning-centered therapy, supportive therapy, or usual care",
      "signal": "Meaning-centered group therapy improved personal meaning and purpose and selected well-being outcomes relative to usual care.",
      "directness": 3,
      "tier": "A",
      "status": "Established within population",
      "roles": [
        8,
        18,
        23,
        36,
        53
      ],
      "boundary": "Cancer-survivor context; active-comparator contrasts and durability are limited, so addiction generalization remains indirect.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291717000447",
      "lock": "supporting"
    },
    {
      "id": "E090",
      "lane": "C",
      "citation": "Kelly JF et al. Prevalence and pathways of recovery from drug and alcohol problems in the United States population: Implications for practice, research, and policy. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017;181:162–169.",
      "year": 2017,
      "design": "National cross-sectional survey",
      "corpus": "N=39,809 U.S. adults; n=2,002 who had resolved an alcohol or other drug problem",
      "signal": "Recovery occurred through multiple formal and informal pathways, supporting a plural rather than single-route account of recovery ecology.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "A",
      "status": "Convergent",
      "roles": [
        1,
        2,
        12,
        21,
        30,
        48,
        58
      ],
      "boundary": "Retrospective self-report and cross-sectional design cannot establish causal superiority or rank recovery pathways.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.028",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E091",
      "lane": "C",
      "citation": "Kelly JF et al. How Many Recovery Attempts Does it Take to Successfully Resolve an Alcohol or Drug Problem? Estimates and Correlates From a National Study of Recovering U.S. Adults. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2019;43(7):1533–1544.",
      "year": 2019,
      "design": "National retrospective survey",
      "corpus": "n=2,002 U.S. adults who had resolved a significant alcohol or other drug problem",
      "signal": "The distribution of recovery attempts was highly skewed: many people reported few attempts, while a smaller subgroup reported many, sharpening the boundary against a mythical universal attempt count.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "A",
      "status": "Convergent/Boundary",
      "roles": [
        6,
        21,
        30,
        39,
        48,
        58
      ],
      "boundary": "Retrospective counts depend on how an attempt is defined and remembered; they should not be converted into a prescriptive number.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.14067",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E092",
      "lane": "C",
      "citation": "Inanlou M et al. Addiction Recovery: A Systematized Review. Iran J Psychiatry. 2020;15(2):172–181.",
      "year": 2020,
      "design": "Systematized review",
      "corpus": "Multi-database literature corpus on definitions and dimensions of addiction recovery",
      "signal": "Recovery is represented as a multidimensional process extending beyond abstinence to health, functioning, identity, and participation, with no single stable definition across the literature.",
      "directness": 4,
      "tier": "B",
      "status": "Convergent/Boundary",
      "roles": [
        1,
        2,
        12,
        21,
        31,
        48,
        58
      ],
      "boundary": "Systematized rather than fully reproducible systematic methods and heterogeneous definitions limit quantitative or causal conclusions.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.18502/ijps.v15i2.2691",
      "lock": "supporting"
    },
    {
      "id": "E093",
      "lane": "C",
      "citation": "Laudet AB. What does recovery mean to you? Lessons from the recovery experience for research and practice. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2007;33(3):243–256.",
      "year": 2007,
      "design": "Mixed-methods recovery survey",
      "corpus": "Urban community sample of adults in recovery",
      "signal": "Participants described recovery as an ongoing life process involving identity, growth, well-being, relationships, and responsibility rather than abstinence alone.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "B",
      "status": "Convergent",
      "roles": [
        1,
        2,
        12,
        21,
        30,
        49,
        58
      ],
      "boundary": "Single urban, self-selected recovery sample; reported meanings should not be treated as a universal sequence or definition.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2007.04.014",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E094",
      "lane": "C",
      "citation": "Laudet AB, Becker JB, White WL. Don't wanna go through that madness no more: quality of life satisfaction as predictor of sustained remission from illicit drug misuse. Subst Use Misuse. 2009;44(2):227–252.",
      "year": 2009,
      "design": "Prospective community cohort",
      "corpus": "Formerly polysubstance-dependent adults followed in community recovery",
      "signal": "Higher quality-of-life satisfaction prospectively predicted sustained remission, making life quality a candidate recovery-maintenance signal rather than a merely decorative endpoint.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "B",
      "status": "Convergent",
      "roles": [
        1,
        6,
        21,
        30,
        31,
        48,
        58
      ],
      "boundary": "Observational association remains vulnerable to confounding and reverse influence; quality of life is not established as a sufficient cause of remission.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/10826080802714462",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E095",
      "lane": "C",
      "citation": "McIntosh J, McKeganey N. Addicts' narratives of recovery from drug use: constructing a non-addict identity. Soc Sci Med. 2000;50(10):1501–1510.",
      "year": 2000,
      "design": "Qualitative interview study",
      "corpus": "In-depth recovery narratives from people formerly dependent on drugs",
      "signal": "Recovery narratives frequently involved reconstructing biography and a viable non-addict identity, directly supporting identity as a recovery process rather than a label change alone.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "C",
      "status": "Convergent",
      "roles": [
        1,
        12,
        21,
        30,
        39,
        49,
        50
      ],
      "boundary": "Retrospective qualitative accounts from a specific cohort cannot establish a universal identity stage or causal direction.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(99)00409-8",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E096",
      "lane": "C",
      "citation": "Buckingham SA, Frings D, Albery IP. Group membership and social identity in addiction recovery. Psychol Addict Behav. 2013;27(4):1132–1140.",
      "year": 2013,
      "design": "Two observational studies",
      "corpus": "People engaged in addiction recovery and recovery-group contexts",
      "signal": "Recovery-group identification and the fit between old and new social identities were associated with recovery-relevant outcomes.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "B",
      "status": "Convergent",
      "roles": [
        12,
        21,
        30,
        39,
        45,
        49
      ],
      "boundary": "Small self-report studies; group identification may reflect recovery progress as well as contribute to it.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032480",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E097",
      "lane": "C",
      "citation": "Dingle GA, Stark C, Cruwys T, Best D. Breaking good: breaking ties with social groups may be good for recovery from substance misuse. Br J Soc Psychol. 2015;54(2):236–254.",
      "year": 2015,
      "design": "Longitudinal treatment-entry cohort",
      "corpus": "Adults entering a therapeutic community for substance misuse",
      "signal": "Movement away from substance-using group identities and toward recovery-supportive identities prospectively tracked better recovery outcomes.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "B",
      "status": "Convergent",
      "roles": [
        12,
        21,
        30,
        39,
        45,
        49
      ],
      "boundary": "Treatment-specific cohort, attrition, and self-report limit causal inference; breaking ties can also impose loss and cannot be prescribed indiscriminately.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12081",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E098",
      "lane": "C",
      "citation": "Best D et al. Mapping the recovery stories of drinkers and drug users in Glasgow: quality of life and its associations with measures of recovery capital. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2012;31(3):334–341.",
      "year": 2012,
      "design": "Cross-sectional structured survey",
      "corpus": "N=205 people in recovery in Glasgow",
      "signal": "Meaningful activity, recovery-supportive peers, and recovery-capital indicators were associated with better quality of life.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "B",
      "status": "Convergent",
      "roles": [
        21,
        27,
        30,
        31,
        45,
        48
      ],
      "boundary": "Cross-sectional associations do not establish direction, and the local recovery-system context may not generalize.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-3362.2011.00321.x",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E099",
      "lane": "C",
      "citation": "Groshkova T, Best D, White W. The Assessment of Recovery Capital: properties and psychometrics of a measure of addiction recovery strengths. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2013;32(2):187–194.",
      "year": 2013,
      "design": "Measure development and psychometric evaluation",
      "corpus": "Focus groups plus recovery-sample psychometric testing",
      "signal": "The Assessment of Recovery Capital offered an internally coherent summary measure with acceptable concurrent validity and moderate test-retest reliability.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "B",
      "status": "Convergent/Boundary",
      "roles": [
        27,
        30,
        31,
        45,
        48,
        58
      ],
      "boundary": "A total score compresses distinct personal, social, and community resources and does not measure moment-to-moment reachability or lived meaning.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-3362.2012.00489.x",
      "lock": "supporting"
    },
    {
      "id": "E100",
      "lane": "C",
      "citation": "Neale J et al. Development and validation of 'SURE': a patient reported outcome measure (PROM) for recovery from drug and alcohol dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016;165:159–167.",
      "year": 2016,
      "design": "Patient-reported outcome measure development",
      "corpus": "Treatment-engaged adults with drug or alcohol dependence",
      "signal": "SURE operationalized recovery across substance use, self-care, relationships, material resources, and outlook, preserving multidimensional recovery in a brief PROM.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "B",
      "status": "Convergent/Boundary",
      "roles": [
        21,
        27,
        30,
        31,
        48,
        58
      ],
      "boundary": "Initial validation sample was demographically and treatment-context narrow; the PROM does not isolate FH constructs or within-person dynamics.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.06.006",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E101",
      "lane": "C",
      "citation": "Vilsaint CL et al. Development and validation of a Brief Assessment of Recovery Capital (BARC-10) for alcohol and drug use disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017;177:71–76.",
      "year": 2017,
      "design": "Brief measure development and validation",
      "corpus": "Recovery-community samples used for scale reduction and validation",
      "signal": "BARC-10 provides a concise, strength-oriented index of recovery capital suitable for repeated or low-burden assessment.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "B",
      "status": "Convergent/Boundary",
      "roles": [
        27,
        30,
        31,
        45,
        48,
        58
      ],
      "boundary": "Unidimensional self-report is useful for monitoring but cannot represent the full ecology, accessibility, or temporal dynamics of a viable life.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.03.022",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E102",
      "lane": "D",
      "citation": "Amlung M et al. Steep delay discounting and addictive behavior: a meta-analysis of continuous associations. Addiction. 2017;112(1):51–62.",
      "year": 2017,
      "design": "Meta-analysis",
      "corpus": "Continuous-association studies across addictive behaviors",
      "signal": "More severe addictive behavior was associated with steeper delay discounting, but the pooled association was small (approximately r=.14).",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "A",
      "status": "Established association",
      "roles": [
        4,
        26,
        27,
        34,
        35,
        42,
        43
      ],
      "boundary": "Predominantly cross-sectional monetary tasks, a small effect, and modest publication bias; association is not mechanism or individual prediction.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/add.13535",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E103",
      "lane": "D",
      "citation": "Bickel WK et al. Remember the Future: Working Memory Training Decreases Delay Discounting Among Stimulant Addicts. Biol Psychiatry. 2011;69(3):260–265.",
      "year": 2011,
      "design": "Randomized controlled experiment",
      "corpus": "N=27 adults in treatment for stimulant dependence",
      "signal": "Working-memory training reduced delay discounting relative to control training, showing that temporal valuation is modifiable in a clinical addiction sample.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "B",
      "status": "Convergent",
      "roles": [
        26,
        27,
        34,
        35,
        36,
        43
      ],
      "boundary": "Very small sample and a surrogate decision outcome; the study did not establish reduced substance use or durable recovery.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.08.017",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E104",
      "lane": "D",
      "citation": "Snider SE et al. Episodic Future Thinking: Expansion of the Temporal Window in Individuals with Alcohol Dependence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2016;40(7):1558–1566.",
      "year": 2016,
      "design": "Laboratory experiment",
      "corpus": "Adults with alcohol dependence completing episodic future-thinking and discounting tasks",
      "signal": "Episodic future thinking reduced delay discounting in an alcohol-dependent sample, directly supporting temporary expansion of accessible future consequences.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "B",
      "status": "Convergent",
      "roles": [
        26,
        27,
        34,
        35,
        36,
        43
      ],
      "boundary": "Brief laboratory manipulation with a monetary-choice endpoint; it did not test relapse, long-term behavior, or the full Temporal Aperture construct.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.13112",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E105",
      "lane": "D",
      "citation": "Peters J, Büchel C. Episodic Future Thinking Reduces Reward Delay Discounting through an Enhancement of Prefrontal-Mediotemporal Interactions. Neuron. 2010;66(1):138–148.",
      "year": 2010,
      "design": "Experimental behavioral and fMRI studies",
      "corpus": "Nonclinical adults completing cued future-imagination and intertemporal-choice tasks",
      "signal": "Experimentally cued future episodes reduced discounting and covaried with prefrontal-mediotemporal interaction, providing a mechanistic ancestor for future accessibility.",
      "directness": 3,
      "tier": "B",
      "status": "Transferred",
      "roles": [
        26,
        27,
        34,
        35,
        36,
        43
      ],
      "boundary": "Nonclinical sample and monetary-choice surrogate; neural coupling does not establish an addiction mechanism or treatment effect.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2010.03.026",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E106",
      "lane": "D",
      "citation": "Yoon JH et al. Delay discounting predicts postpartum relapse to cigarette smoking among pregnant women. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2007;15(2):176–186.",
      "year": 2007,
      "design": "Prospective cohort",
      "corpus": "N=48 pregnant women followed for postpartum smoking relapse",
      "signal": "Steeper delay discounting during pregnancy prospectively predicted postpartum smoking relapse.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "B",
      "status": "Convergent",
      "roles": [
        26,
        34,
        35,
        41,
        42,
        43
      ],
      "boundary": "Small, highly specific pregnancy/smoking sample; prediction does not establish a causal lever or generalize across substances.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1037/1064-1297.15.2.186",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E107",
      "lane": "D",
      "citation": "Stanger C et al. Delay discounting predicts adolescent substance abuse treatment outcome. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2012;20(3):205–212.",
      "year": 2012,
      "design": "Prospective analysis within a clinical trial",
      "corpus": "Adolescents treated for marijuana abuse or dependence",
      "signal": "Baseline delay discounting predicted treatment response, supporting temporal valuation as a possible risk-stratification signal in adolescent care.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "B",
      "status": "Convergent",
      "roles": [
        26,
        34,
        35,
        41,
        42,
        43
      ],
      "boundary": "Adolescent cannabis-focused sample; predictive association is not proof that changing discounting changes outcome.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026543",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E108",
      "lane": "D",
      "citation": "Kirby KN, Petry NM. Heroin and cocaine abusers have higher discount rates for delayed rewards than alcoholics or non-drug-using controls. Addiction. 2004;99(4):461–471.",
      "year": 2004,
      "design": "Cross-sectional group comparison",
      "corpus": "27 heroin, 41 cocaine, 33 alcohol-dependent participants, and 44 controls",
      "signal": "Delay-discounting rates differed across substance groups, with heroin and cocaine groups discounting delayed rewards more steeply than alcohol and control groups.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "B",
      "status": "Convergent/Boundary",
      "roles": [
        4,
        26,
        34,
        35,
        42,
        43
      ],
      "boundary": "Nonrandomized cross-sectional groups and substance-specific differences prevent a unitary addiction or causal interpretation.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2003.00669.x",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E109",
      "lane": "D",
      "citation": "Dennhardt AA, Yurasek AM, Murphy JG. Change in delay discounting and substance reward value following a brief alcohol and drug use intervention. J Exp Anal Behav. 2015;103(1):125–140.",
      "year": 2015,
      "design": "Brief-intervention trial with repeated behavioral-economic measures",
      "corpus": "N=97 heavy-drinking college students",
      "signal": "The brief intervention reduced indices of substance reward value; delay discounting and reward value behaved as distinguishable change targets rather than a single mechanism.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "B",
      "status": "Convergent/Boundary",
      "roles": [
        26,
        27,
        34,
        35,
        36,
        45
      ],
      "boundary": "College heavy-drinking sample and short follow-up; limited delay-discounting change warns against assuming every brief intervention widens temporal choice.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jeab.121",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E110",
      "lane": "E",
      "citation": "Meier PS, Barrowclough C, Donmall MC. The role of the therapeutic alliance in the treatment of substance misuse: a critical review of the literature. Addiction. 2005;100(3):304–316.",
      "year": 2005,
      "design": "Critical review",
      "corpus": "Therapeutic-alliance studies in substance-misuse treatment",
      "signal": "Alliance was more consistently linked to engagement and retention than to substance-use outcomes, making relationship a process condition rather than a guaranteed cure.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "A",
      "status": "Convergent/Boundary",
      "roles": [
        11,
        24,
        31,
        38,
        39,
        49
      ],
      "boundary": "Variable alliance timing, measurement, and confounding by early improvement or prognosis limit causal claims.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00935.x",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E111",
      "lane": "E",
      "citation": "Barber JP et al. Therapeutic alliance as a predictor of outcome in treatment of cocaine dependence. Psychother Res. 1999;9(1):54–73.",
      "year": 1999,
      "design": "Prospective process-outcome analysis",
      "corpus": "Participants in a controlled treatment study for cocaine dependence",
      "signal": "Early therapeutic alliance predicted selected treatment and retention outcomes in cocaine dependence.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "B",
      "status": "Convergent",
      "roles": [
        11,
        24,
        31,
        38,
        39,
        49
      ],
      "boundary": "Observational process analysis within treatment; alliance may partly index prognosis, adherence, or early response rather than exert an independent causal effect.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/10503309912331332591",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E112",
      "lane": "E",
      "citation": "Kelly JF, Humphreys K, Ferri M. Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12-step programs for alcohol use disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;3:CD012880.",
      "year": 2020,
      "design": "Cochrane systematic review",
      "corpus": "27 studies; 10,565 participants with alcohol use disorder",
      "signal": "Manualized twelve-step facilitation and AA participation improved continuous abstinence relative to several established treatments and could reduce health-care costs.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "A",
      "status": "Established within population",
      "roles": [
        11,
        24,
        31,
        38,
        39,
        49
      ],
      "boundary": "Alcohol use disorder and heterogeneous twelve-step exposures; results do not imply universal fit or efficacy for every person, substance, or program form.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012880.pub2",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E113",
      "lane": "E",
      "citation": "Kelly JF et al. The role of Alcoholics Anonymous in mobilizing adaptive social network changes: a prospective lagged mediational analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2011;114(2–3):119–126.",
      "year": 2011,
      "design": "Prospective lagged mediation analysis",
      "corpus": "Project MATCH participants followed across alcohol-treatment recovery",
      "signal": "Increases in abstinent supports and reductions in pro-drinking network ties partly mediated the association between AA participation and later abstinence.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "B",
      "status": "Convergent",
      "roles": [
        11,
        24,
        31,
        38,
        39,
        49
      ],
      "boundary": "Secondary mediation analysis remains susceptible to self-selection and unmeasured time-varying confounding.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.09.009",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E114",
      "lane": "E",
      "citation": "Litt MD et al. Network Support II: Randomized controlled trial of Network Support treatment and cognitive behavioral therapy for alcohol use disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016;165:203–212.",
      "year": 2016,
      "design": "Randomized controlled trial",
      "corpus": "N=193 adults with alcohol use disorder; follow-up through 27 months",
      "signal": "Network Support treatment improved selected drinking outcomes and worked partly through abstinent-network involvement and self-efficacy.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "A",
      "status": "Established within sample",
      "roles": [
        11,
        24,
        31,
        38,
        39,
        49
      ],
      "boundary": "Single treatment model and alcohol-focused community sample; between-condition differences were not uniform across all outcomes.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.06.010",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E115",
      "lane": "E",
      "citation": "Jason LA, Olson BD, Ferrari JR, Lo Sasso AT. Communal housing settings enhance substance abuse recovery. Am J Public Health. 2006;96(10):1727–1729.",
      "year": 2006,
      "design": "Randomized comparative trial",
      "corpus": "N=150 adults leaving substance-use treatment; Oxford House versus usual aftercare",
      "signal": "Oxford House assignment produced better selected abstinence, income, and incarceration outcomes, supporting recovery environment as an active condition.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "B",
      "status": "Convergent",
      "roles": [
        11,
        24,
        31,
        38,
        39,
        49
      ],
      "boundary": "Modest sample, post-treatment self-selection constraints, and a distinctive communal-housing model limit generalization.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2005.070839",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E116",
      "lane": "E",
      "citation": "Bassuk EL et al. Peer-delivered recovery support services for addictions in the United States: a systematic review. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2016;63:1–9.",
      "year": 2016,
      "design": "Systematic review",
      "corpus": "9 U.S. studies of peer-delivered recovery support",
      "signal": "Peer-delivered services showed generally favorable signals for engagement, substance use, and recovery-related outcomes.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "A",
      "status": "Convergent/Boundary",
      "roles": [
        11,
        24,
        31,
        38,
        39,
        49
      ],
      "boundary": "Small and methodologically weak evidence base with heterogeneous services, outcomes, and comparison conditions.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2016.01.003",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E117",
      "lane": "E",
      "citation": "Eddie D et al. Lived Experience in New Models of Care for Substance Use Disorder: A Systematic Review of Peer Recovery Support Services and Recovery Coaching. Front Psychol. 2019;10:1052.",
      "year": 2019,
      "design": "Systematic review",
      "corpus": "Heterogeneous studies of peer recovery support and recovery coaching",
      "signal": "Peer recovery models showed tentative benefits across service engagement and recovery outcomes, while many comparisons were null or methodologically fragile.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "A",
      "status": "Convergent/Boundary",
      "roles": [
        11,
        24,
        31,
        38,
        39,
        49
      ],
      "boundary": "Heterogeneous models, frequent weak or absent controls, and inconsistent measures prevent a broad causal efficacy claim.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01052",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E118",
      "lane": "I",
      "citation": "Steger MF et al. The meaning in life questionnaire: Assessing the presence of and search for meaning in life. J Couns Psychol. 2006;53(1):80–93.",
      "year": 2006,
      "design": "Multi-study scale development and validation",
      "corpus": "Multiple student and adult samples",
      "signal": "The Meaning in Life Questionnaire separated presence of meaning from search for meaning, preventing those dimensions from being treated as a single continuum.",
      "directness": 3,
      "tier": "B",
      "status": "Established measurement",
      "roles": [
        28,
        36,
        37,
        43,
        53,
        56
      ],
      "boundary": "Trait-like self-report does not measure momentary reachability, objective life conditions, or causal effects of meaning on recovery.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.53.1.80",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E119",
      "lane": "I",
      "citation": "Schnell T. The Sources of Meaning and Meaning in Life Questionnaire (SoMe): Relations to demographics and well-being. J Posit Psychol. 2009;4(6):483–499.",
      "year": 2009,
      "design": "Scale development and community survey",
      "corpus": "Large German-language community sample",
      "signal": "SoMe separates experienced meaningfulness and crisis of meaning while mapping multiple sources of meaning, supporting a plural source ecology.",
      "directness": 3,
      "tier": "B",
      "status": "Convergent measurement",
      "roles": [
        28,
        36,
        37,
        43,
        53,
        56
      ],
      "boundary": "Long self-report instrument with culture- and language-sensitive source domains; it does not measure dynamic accessibility or treatment response by itself.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760903271074",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E120",
      "lane": "I",
      "citation": "Wilson KG, Sandoz EK, Kitchens J, Roberts M. The Valued Living Questionnaire: Defining and measuring valued action within a behavioral framework. Psychol Rec. 2010;60:249–272.",
      "year": 2010,
      "design": "Measure development and psychometric evaluation",
      "corpus": "Multiple adult samples evaluating value importance and behavioral consistency",
      "signal": "The VLQ operationalizes personally chosen value domains and consistency of action, giving a behavioral bridge from stated values to lived direction.",
      "directness": 3,
      "tier": "B",
      "status": "Convergent measurement",
      "roles": [
        28,
        36,
        37,
        43,
        53,
        54,
        56
      ],
      "boundary": "Importance-by-consistency scoring has psychometric limitations and cannot distinguish lack of opportunity from lack of commitment.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03395706",
      "lock": "supporting"
    },
    {
      "id": "E121",
      "lane": "I",
      "citation": "Smout MF, Davies M, Burns NR, Christie AM. Development of the Valuing Questionnaire (VQ). J Contextual Behav Sci. 2014;3(3):164–172.",
      "year": 2014,
      "design": "Scale development and validation",
      "corpus": "Clinical and university samples across validation studies",
      "signal": "The VQ separates progress in valued living from obstruction and is brief enough for repeated clinical monitoring.",
      "directness": 3,
      "tier": "B",
      "status": "Established measurement",
      "roles": [
        28,
        36,
        37,
        43,
        53,
        54,
        56
      ],
      "boundary": "General clinical and student validation with self-report scores; it does not directly measure addiction recovery or environmental reachability.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2014.06.001",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E122",
      "lane": "I",
      "citation": "Trompetter HR et al. Measuring values and committed action with the Engaged Living Scale (ELS): Psychometric evaluation in a nonclinical sample and a chronic pain sample. Psychol Assess. 2013;25(4):1235–1246.",
      "year": 2013,
      "design": "Scale development and psychometric evaluation",
      "corpus": "Nonclinical and chronic-pain samples",
      "signal": "The Engaged Living Scale measures valued living and committed action with evidence of reliability and construct validity across two populations.",
      "directness": 3,
      "tier": "B",
      "status": "Established measurement",
      "roles": [
        28,
        36,
        37,
        43,
        53,
        54,
        56
      ],
      "boundary": "Nonclinical and chronic-pain samples; transfer to substance-use recovery and high-frequency state change requires new validation.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033813",
      "lock": "supporting"
    },
    {
      "id": "E123",
      "lane": "I",
      "citation": "Cacciola JS et al. Development and initial evaluation of the Brief Addiction Monitor (BAM). J Subst Abuse Treat. 2013;44(3):256–263.",
      "year": 2013,
      "design": "Clinical monitoring measure development",
      "corpus": "N=175 U.S. Veterans Affairs outpatients in substance-use treatment",
      "signal": "BAM provides brief repeated assessment of substance use, risk factors, and protective factors, offering a pragmatic monitoring spine for recovery-state tests.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "B",
      "status": "Established measurement",
      "roles": [
        28,
        37,
        43,
        44,
        53,
        54,
        56
      ],
      "boundary": "Thirty-day recall and broad domains are suitable for clinical monitoring but not fine-grained existential or momentary dynamics.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2012.07.013",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E124",
      "lane": "I",
      "citation": "Marsden J et al. Development of the Treatment Outcomes Profile. Addiction. 2008;103(9):1450–1460.",
      "year": 2008,
      "design": "Multicenter outcome-measure development and validation",
      "corpus": "Adults receiving specialist treatment for drug misuse across multiple services",
      "signal": "The Treatment Outcomes Profile captures substance use and health/social functioning in a brief, service-ready repeated measure.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "B",
      "status": "Established measurement",
      "roles": [
        28,
        37,
        43,
        44,
        53,
        54,
        56
      ],
      "boundary": "Designed for routine service outcomes rather than FH constructs; broad domains may miss subjective viability, meaning, and rapid transitions.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02284.x",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E125",
      "lane": "I",
      "citation": "Epstein DH et al. Real-time electronic diary reports of cue exposure and mood in the hours before cocaine and heroin craving and use. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009;66(1):88–94.",
      "year": 2009,
      "design": "Ecological momentary assessment cohort",
      "corpus": "N=114 methadone-maintained outpatients; 14,918 person-days of field data",
      "signal": "Real-time cue exposure and mood shifted in the hours preceding craving and drug use, demonstrating measurable within-person precursors outside the clinic.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "B",
      "status": "Convergent",
      "roles": [
        5,
        28,
        37,
        42,
        43,
        44,
        46,
        53,
        54,
        55,
        56
      ],
      "boundary": "Methadone-treatment cohort and observational temporal associations; precursors are probabilistic and not deterministic individual alarms.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2008.509",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    },
    {
      "id": "E126",
      "lane": "I",
      "citation": "Serre F et al. Predictors of craving and substance use among patients with alcohol, tobacco, cannabis or opiate addictions: Commonalities and specificities across substances. Addict Behav. 2018;83:123–129.",
      "year": 2018,
      "design": "Two-week ecological momentary assessment study",
      "corpus": "N=159 patients across alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and opiate addiction groups",
      "signal": "Craving predicted the next substance-use episode in alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis groups but not in the opiate group, exposing both common and substance-specific dynamics.",
      "directness": 5,
      "tier": "B",
      "status": "Convergent/Boundary",
      "roles": [
        5,
        28,
        37,
        42,
        43,
        44,
        46,
        53,
        54,
        55,
        56
      ],
      "boundary": "Short observation window and heterogeneous treatment/substance contexts; the opiate null result blocks a universal craving-to-use rule.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.01.041",
      "lock": "claim-carrying"
    }
  ]
}