[
  {
    "claim_id": "C01",
    "claim": "Relational context can alter stress physiology and regulation in humans.",
    "claim_type": "Supported interpretation",
    "confidence": "High",
    "lecture_placement": "Parts I–IV",
    "gate": "PASS",
    "supporting_source_ids": "S008,S009,S010,S011,S012",
    "supporting_sources": [
      {
        "id": "S008",
        "title": "The role of oxytocin in social bonding, stress regulation and mental health",
        "authors": "Olff et al.",
        "evidence_role": "Major review",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306453013002369/pdf",
        "boundary": "Strong context dependence"
      },
      {
        "id": "S009",
        "title": "Neuroendocrinology of coping styles",
        "authors": "Koolhaas et al.",
        "evidence_role": "Review",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://research.rug.nl/files/6750004/2010FrontNeuroendocrinolKoolhaas.pdf",
        "boundary": "Animal-to-human transfer limits"
      },
      {
        "id": "S010",
        "title": "Modulation of the HPA Axis by Early Life Stress Exposure",
        "authors": "van Bodegom et al.",
        "evidence_role": "Review",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2017.00087/pdf",
        "boundary": "Mostly developmental/preclinical integration"
      },
      {
        "id": "S011",
        "title": "Annual Research Review: Early adversity, HPA axis, and child psychopathology",
        "authors": "Koss & Gunnar",
        "evidence_role": "Major review",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/jcpp.12784",
        "boundary": "Developmental moderators substantial"
      },
      {
        "id": "S012",
        "title": "Ten Surprising Facts About Stressful Life Events and Disease Risk",
        "authors": "Cohen, Murphy, Prather",
        "evidence_role": "Review",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-102857",
        "boundary": "Not specific to attachment"
      }
    ],
    "counter_caution": "Effects depend on relationship quality, context, development and individual differences.",
    "fh_interpretation": "Other-person input can alter state-transition conditions without implying a universal mechanism.",
    "numerical_lock_ids": "NL09",
    "numerical_policy": "QUALITATIVE FOR PHYSIOLOGY",
    "allowed_numerical_language": "No physiology-specific effect size is permitted. If useful, general social-support context may be quantified as 60 meta-analyses / >2,700 studies / ~2.1M participants, overall r=.24 [95% CI .22,.26].",
    "prohibited_numerical_leap": "Do not present r=.24 as an estimate of HPA/autonomic buffering or of co-regulation."
  },
  {
    "claim_id": "C02",
    "claim": "Attachment is better treated as a history-dependent regulatory expectation than a fixed personality label.",
    "claim_type": "Supported interpretation",
    "confidence": "Moderate-High",
    "lecture_placement": "Parts II–III",
    "gate": "PASS",
    "supporting_source_ids": "S001,S002,S003,S004,S005",
    "supporting_sources": [
      {
        "id": "S001",
        "title": "An attachment perspective on psychopathology",
        "authors": "Mikulincer & Shaver",
        "evidence_role": "Major review",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1016/j.wpsyc.2012.01.003",
        "boundary": "Broad review; not causal proof"
      },
      {
        "id": "S002",
        "title": "A functional neuro-anatomical model of human attachment (NAMA)",
        "authors": "Long, Verbeke, Ein-Dor, Vrtička",
        "evidence_role": "Integrative social neuroscience model",
        "tier": "B",
        "source_url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010945220300356/pdf",
        "boundary": "Model integrates heterogeneous paradigms"
      },
      {
        "id": "S003",
        "title": "Sensitive periods in human social development",
        "authors": "Feldman",
        "evidence_role": "Developmental review",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/8B2635F5FD4CE2A029EAB653B5D0A212/S0954579415000048a.pdf",
        "boundary": "Sensitive period evidence not uniform"
      },
      {
        "id": "S004",
        "title": "The Parent's Capacity to Treat the Child as a Psychological Agent",
        "authors": "Sharp & Fonagy",
        "evidence_role": "Developmental psychopathology review",
        "tier": "B",
        "source_url": "https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/150118/1/Fonagy_child_as_agent_template_resubmitted_12_18_WB.pdf",
        "boundary": "Construct measurement varies"
      },
      {
        "id": "S005",
        "title": "Parental Reflective Functioning: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications",
        "authors": "Luyten et al.",
        "evidence_role": "Review",
        "tier": "B",
        "source_url": "https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1498813/3/Fonagy_aPSC_parental%20reflective%20functioningFINAL.pdf",
        "boundary": "Theory-heavy"
      }
    ],
    "counter_caution": "Measurement approaches and categories differ; causality is limited.",
    "fh_interpretation": "Attachment variables belong primarily among slow state parameters / priors.",
    "numerical_lock_ids": "NL06,NL07,NL19",
    "numerical_policy": "NUMERIC ALLOWED",
    "allowed_numerical_language": "Adult attachment meta-analysis: 224 studies, 245 samples, N=79,722; anxiety↔negative mental health r=.42; avoidance r=.28; positive mental health r=-.29 and -.24. Working-alliance associations are small: anxiety r=-.09; avoidance r=-.13 (k=33 each).",
    "prohibited_numerical_leap": "No fixed-type, deterministic, or causal percentage claims."
  },
  {
    "claim_id": "C03",
    "claim": "Interpersonal synchrony occurs across behavior, physiology and neural signals.",
    "claim_type": "Empirical result",
    "confidence": "High",
    "lecture_placement": "Part VI",
    "gate": "PASS",
    "supporting_source_ids": "S017,S018,S019,S021,S024,S025,S026,S028",
    "supporting_sources": [
      {
        "id": "S017",
        "title": "Inter-Brain Synchronization during Social Interaction",
        "authors": "Dumas et al.",
        "evidence_role": "Foundational hyperscanning experiment",
        "tier": "B",
        "source_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0012166&type=printable",
        "boundary": "Small early study; common-input concerns"
      },
      {
        "id": "S018",
        "title": "Hyperscanning: A Valid Method to Study Neural Inter-brain Underpinnings of Social Interaction",
        "authors": "Czeszumski et al.",
        "evidence_role": "Methods review",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2020.00039/pdf",
        "boundary": "Validity depends on null models and design"
      },
      {
        "id": "S019",
        "title": "Neural Synchronization during Face-to-Face Communication",
        "authors": "Jiang et al.",
        "evidence_role": "Human hyperscanning experiment",
        "tier": "B",
        "source_url": "https://www.jneurosci.org/content/jneuro/32/45/16064.full.pdf",
        "boundary": "Communication task specific"
      },
      {
        "id": "S021",
        "title": "Brain-to-Brain Synchrony during Naturalistic Social Interactions",
        "authors": "Kinreich et al.",
        "evidence_role": "Naturalistic human study",
        "tier": "B",
        "source_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-17339-5.pdf",
        "boundary": "Synchrony ≠ mechanism by itself"
      },
      {
        "id": "S024",
        "title": "Cooperative Behavior Evokes Interbrain Synchrony: systematic review and meta-analysis",
        "authors": "Czeszumski et al.",
        "evidence_role": "Systematic review/meta-analysis",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://www.eneuro.org/content/eneuro/9/2/ENEURO.0268-21.2022.full.pdf",
        "boundary": "fNIRS-specific evidence"
      },
      {
        "id": "S025",
        "title": "What has social neuroscience learned from hyperscanning studies of spoken communication?",
        "authors": "Kelsen et al.",
        "evidence_role": "Systematic review",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763420305650",
        "boundary": "Heterogeneous methods"
      },
      {
        "id": "S026",
        "title": "Quantification of inter-brain coupling: review of current methods",
        "authors": "Hakim et al.",
        "evidence_role": "Methods review",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10176475/1/1-s2.0-S1053811923005050-main.pdf",
        "boundary": "Metric choice can change conclusion"
      },
      {
        "id": "S028",
        "title": "Inter-brain synchrony in teams predicts collective performance",
        "authors": "Reinero, Dikker, Van Bavel",
        "evidence_role": "Team study",
        "tier": "B",
        "source_url": "https://academic.oup.com/scan/article-pdf/16/1-2/43/35918854/nsaa135.pdf",
        "boundary": "Prediction ≠ causal control"
      }
    ],
    "counter_caution": "Common input, task structure and analytic choices can generate apparent synchrony.",
    "fh_interpretation": "Coupling is measurable, but synchrony magnitude is not equivalent to health or causal influence.",
    "numerical_lock_ids": "NL10",
    "numerical_policy": "NUMERIC ALLOWED",
    "allowed_numerical_language": "Neural↔behavioral synchrony: 37 samples, N=1,342, r=.32 [95% CI .23,.41]. Physiological↔behavioral: 13 samples, N=369, r=.18 [.06,.30].",
    "prohibited_numerical_leap": "Do not collapse modalities into one universal synchrony effect."
  },
  {
    "claim_id": "C04",
    "claim": "Higher synchrony is not intrinsically beneficial.",
    "claim_type": "Supported interpretation",
    "confidence": "High",
    "lecture_placement": "Parts VI/XII",
    "gate": "PASS",
    "supporting_source_ids": "S020,S022,S023,S026",
    "supporting_sources": [
      {
        "id": "S020",
        "title": "Synchrony in Psychotherapy: A Review and Integrative Framework",
        "authors": "Koole & Tschacher",
        "evidence_role": "Review",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00862/pdf",
        "boundary": "Synchrony meaning is context-sensitive"
      },
      {
        "id": "S022",
        "title": "On the interpretation of synchronization in EEG hyperscanning studies: a cautionary note",
        "authors": "Burgess",
        "evidence_role": "Methods critique",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00881/pdf",
        "boundary": "Highlights spurious synchrony risks"
      },
      {
        "id": "S023",
        "title": "Parenting Stress Undermines Mother-Child Brain-to-Brain Synchrony",
        "authors": "Azhari et al.",
        "evidence_role": "Human fNIRS study",
        "tier": "B",
        "source_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-47810-4.pdf",
        "boundary": "Cross-sectional limitations"
      },
      {
        "id": "S026",
        "title": "Quantification of inter-brain coupling: review of current methods",
        "authors": "Hakim et al.",
        "evidence_role": "Methods review",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10176475/1/1-s2.0-S1053811923005050-main.pdf",
        "boundary": "Metric choice can change conclusion"
      }
    ],
    "counter_caution": "Outcome depends on modality, context, directionality and dyad state.",
    "fh_interpretation": "Co-regulation and co-dysregulation are both possible coupled regimes.",
    "numerical_lock_ids": "NL11,NL12",
    "numerical_policy": "NUMERIC ALLOWED",
    "allowed_numerical_language": "Autonomic synchrony relationship effect is small/marginal overall (ES=.09, p>.10, I²=76%); psychotherapy NVS overall r=.03, p=.644, with modality-specific opposite-sign effects.",
    "prohibited_numerical_leap": "Never write 'higher synchrony predicts better relationship/therapy outcome' as a general rule."
  },
  {
    "claim_id": "C05",
    "claim": "Oxytocin should not be described as a simple trust hormone.",
    "claim_type": "Supported interpretation",
    "confidence": "High",
    "lecture_placement": "Part V",
    "gate": "PASS",
    "supporting_source_ids": "S008,S030,S032,S034,S035",
    "supporting_sources": [
      {
        "id": "S008",
        "title": "The role of oxytocin in social bonding, stress regulation and mental health",
        "authors": "Olff et al.",
        "evidence_role": "Major review",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306453013002369/pdf",
        "boundary": "Strong context dependence"
      },
      {
        "id": "S030",
        "title": "Is Oxytocin 'Nature's Medicine'?",
        "authors": "Carter et al.",
        "evidence_role": "Critical review",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://pharmrev.aspetjournals.org/content/pharmrev/72/4/829.full.pdf",
        "boundary": "Counters simplistic trust-hormone narrative"
      },
      {
        "id": "S032",
        "title": "Oxytocin pathway gene networks in the human brain",
        "authors": "Quintana et al.",
        "evidence_role": "Human transcriptomic/network study",
        "tier": "B",
        "source_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-08503-8.pdf",
        "boundary": "Expression ≠ functional causation"
      },
      {
        "id": "S034",
        "title": "Oxytocin and social motivation",
        "authors": "Gordon et al.",
        "evidence_role": "Review",
        "tier": "B",
        "source_url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878929311000727/pdf",
        "boundary": "Not a universal prosocial signal"
      },
      {
        "id": "S035",
        "title": "Brain oxytocin: how puzzle stones from animal studies translate into psychiatry",
        "authors": "Grinevich & Neumann",
        "evidence_role": "Review",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41380-020-0802-9.pdf",
        "boundary": "Human translation remains incomplete"
      }
    ],
    "counter_caution": "Context, sex, receptor distribution and baseline state matter.",
    "fh_interpretation": "Neuromodulators act as context-sensitive control parameters, not one-dimensional valence signals.",
    "numerical_lock_ids": "NL13",
    "numerical_policy": "NUMERIC ALLOWED",
    "allowed_numerical_language": "63 studies qualitatively; 51 pooled, n=3,741. Causal pre-post g=.079; social vs no-social g=.256; correlational mean effect reported as z=.137.",
    "prohibited_numerical_leap": "No 'oxytocin increases trust by X%' or 'oxytocin = bonding' wording."
  },
  {
    "claim_id": "C06",
    "claim": "Social affiliation recruits dopamine and endogenous opioid mechanisms in addition to oxytocin.",
    "claim_type": "Supported interpretation",
    "confidence": "Moderate",
    "lecture_placement": "Part V",
    "gate": "PASS",
    "supporting_source_ids": "S031,S033,S036,S037,S038",
    "supporting_sources": [
      {
        "id": "S031",
        "title": "Dopamine and Oxytocin Interactions Underlying Behaviors",
        "authors": "Baskerville & Douglas",
        "evidence_role": "Review",
        "tier": "B",
        "source_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1755-5949.2010.00154.x",
        "boundary": "Much evidence preclinical"
      },
      {
        "id": "S033",
        "title": "Social Laughter Triggers Endogenous Opioid Release in Humans",
        "authors": "Manninen et al.",
        "evidence_role": "Human PET study",
        "tier": "B",
        "source_url": "https://www.jneurosci.org/content/jneuro/37/25/6125.full.pdf",
        "boundary": "Specific social behavior"
      },
      {
        "id": "S036",
        "title": "A Critical Role for Nucleus Accumbens Dopamine in Partner-Preference Formation",
        "authors": "Aragona et al.",
        "evidence_role": "Preclinical causal experiment",
        "tier": "C",
        "source_url": "https://www.jneurosci.org/content/jneuro/23/8/3483.full.pdf",
        "boundary": "Prairie vole transfer"
      },
      {
        "id": "S037",
        "title": "Opioid receptors: distinct roles in mood disorders",
        "authors": "Lutz & Kieffer",
        "evidence_role": "Review",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "http://www.cell.com/article/S016622361200197X/pdf",
        "boundary": "Not social-specific"
      },
      {
        "id": "S038",
        "title": "Music and social bonding: self-other merging and neurohormonal mechanisms",
        "authors": "Tarr, Launay, Dunbar",
        "evidence_role": "Review",
        "tier": "B",
        "source_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01096/pdf",
        "boundary": "Mechanisms partly inferential"
      }
    ],
    "counter_caution": "Human causal evidence differs strongly by system; some anchors are preclinical.",
    "fh_interpretation": "Multiple neuromodulatory axes can reshape gain/salience/plasticity at different timescales.",
    "numerical_lock_ids": "NL14,NL15",
    "numerical_policy": "PARTIAL NUMERIC",
    "allowed_numerical_language": "Human μ-opioid antagonist meta-analysis: 17 outcomes, N=455, Hedges g=-.20 [95% CI -.32,-.07], I²=23%. Social reward review: 384 studies, 42,118 participants/subjects.",
    "prohibited_numerical_leap": "Do not attach a numeric dopamine effect unless separately publication-locked."
  },
  {
    "claim_id": "C07",
    "claim": "Therapeutic relationship variables are meaningfully associated with treatment process and outcomes.",
    "claim_type": "Supported interpretation",
    "confidence": "Moderate-High",
    "lecture_placement": "Part XIV",
    "gate": "PASS",
    "supporting_source_ids": "S020,S043,S045,S046,S047",
    "supporting_sources": [
      {
        "id": "S020",
        "title": "Synchrony in Psychotherapy: A Review and Integrative Framework",
        "authors": "Koole & Tschacher",
        "evidence_role": "Review",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00862/pdf",
        "boundary": "Synchrony meaning is context-sensitive"
      },
      {
        "id": "S043",
        "title": "The Mentalizing Approach to Psychopathology",
        "authors": "Luyten et al.",
        "evidence_role": "Major review",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-071919-015355",
        "boundary": "Mechanistic claims vary by disorder"
      },
      {
        "id": "S045",
        "title": "The therapeutic relationship in EMDR therapy",
        "authors": "Hase & Brisch",
        "evidence_role": "Clinical review",
        "tier": "B",
        "source_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.835470/pdf",
        "boundary": "Modality-specific"
      },
      {
        "id": "S046",
        "title": "Therapeutic Alliance and Rapport Modulate Responses to Psilocybin Assisted Therapy for Depression",
        "authors": "Murphy et al.",
        "evidence_role": "Clinical study",
        "tier": "B",
        "source_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.788155/pdf",
        "boundary": "Special treatment context"
      },
      {
        "id": "S047",
        "title": "The role of mentalizing in psychological interventions in adults",
        "authors": "Luyten et al.",
        "evidence_role": "Systematic review",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10185256/1/Luyten%20et%20al%20mentalizing%20meta-analysis.pdf",
        "boundary": "Intervention heterogeneity"
      }
    ],
    "counter_caution": "Alliance may be marker, moderator and mechanism; cannot assume isolated causality.",
    "fh_interpretation": "Therapy can be modeled as repeated structured relational perturbation only as FH synthesis.",
    "numerical_lock_ids": "NL01,NL18,NL24",
    "numerical_policy": "NUMERIC ALLOWED",
    "allowed_numerical_language": "General alliance meta-analysis: 295 independent studies, >30,000 patients, r=.278 [.256,.299]. PTSD alliance: 12-study meta-analysis, r=-.34. Adjusted alliance correlations across 60 samples remain r=.23-.31.",
    "prohibited_numerical_leap": "Association ≠ proof that alliance alone causes treatment change."
  },
  {
    "claim_id": "C08",
    "claim": "Metastability is a defensible neural-dynamics concept but is operationalized inconsistently in human neuroimaging.",
    "claim_type": "Supported interpretation",
    "confidence": "High",
    "lecture_placement": "Parts X/XV",
    "gate": "PASS",
    "supporting_source_ids": "S061,S062,S063,S064",
    "supporting_sources": [
      {
        "id": "S061",
        "title": "Metastable dynamics of neural circuits and networks",
        "authors": "La Camera et al.",
        "evidence_role": "Major review",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8900181/",
        "boundary": "Mostly circuit-level evidence"
      },
      {
        "id": "S062",
        "title": "Dynamical properties and mechanisms of metastability: A perspective in neuroscience",
        "authors": "2025 perspective",
        "evidence_role": "Major perspective",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://journals.aps.org/pre/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevE.111.021001",
        "boundary": "Recent synthesis; not relational-specific"
      },
      {
        "id": "S063",
        "title": "Metastability demystified",
        "authors": "2024 review",
        "evidence_role": "Critical review",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39663408/",
        "boundary": "Definitions/measures vary"
      },
      {
        "id": "S064",
        "title": "Metastability in the wild: empirical neuroimaging scoping review",
        "authors": "Wijaya et al.",
        "evidence_role": "Scoping review",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014976342500106X",
        "boundary": "Field remains methodologically heterogeneous"
      }
    ],
    "counter_caution": "Definitions and metrics vary; resting-state dominates empirical work.",
    "fh_interpretation": "Use metastability precisely: long-lived transient regimes / flexible transitions, not a metaphor for any variability.",
    "numerical_lock_ids": null,
    "numerical_policy": "NO NUMERICAL CLAIM REQUIRED",
    "allowed_numerical_language": "Use precise qualitative definitions of metastability and methodological heterogeneity; no single pooled metastability effect is authorized.",
    "prohibited_numerical_leap": "Do not invent a 'metastability score' or treatment effect."
  },
  {
    "claim_id": "C09",
    "claim": "Stable recurrent neural systems can show strong transient amplification through non-normal mechanisms.",
    "claim_type": "Empirical/formal result",
    "confidence": "High for neural; low for relational",
    "lecture_placement": "Part XI",
    "gate": "PASS WITH BOUNDARY",
    "supporting_source_ids": "S058,S059",
    "supporting_sources": [
      {
        "id": "S058",
        "title": "Balanced Amplification: A New Mechanism of Selective Amplification of Neural Activity Patterns",
        "authors": "Murphy & Miller",
        "evidence_role": "Theoretical/computational neuroscience",
        "tier": "F",
        "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2667957/",
        "boundary": "Neural circuit model; not relational evidence"
      },
      {
        "id": "S059",
        "title": "Optimal control of transient dynamics in balanced networks supports generation of complex movements",
        "authors": "Hennequin, Vogels, Gerstner",
        "evidence_role": "Computational neuroscience",
        "tier": "F",
        "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6364799/",
        "boundary": "Motor-network model; formal transfer only"
      }
    ],
    "counter_caution": "Evidence is at neural-circuit/computational level.",
    "fh_interpretation": "Person-level relational non-normality is formal transfer, not established clinical fact.",
    "numerical_lock_ids": null,
    "numerical_policy": "FORMAL TRANSFER — NO EMPIRICAL NUMBER",
    "allowed_numerical_language": "Non-normality/transient amplification may be described mathematically and at neural-circuit model level only.",
    "prohibited_numerical_leap": "No patient-level or relationship-level amplification factor is authorized."
  },
  {
    "claim_id": "C10",
    "claim": "Structural network models can quantify aspects of state controllability and control energy.",
    "claim_type": "Formal result",
    "confidence": "Moderate",
    "lecture_placement": "Part X/XI",
    "gate": "PASS WITH BOUNDARY",
    "supporting_source_ids": "S060",
    "supporting_sources": [
      {
        "id": "S060",
        "title": "Controllability of structural brain networks",
        "authors": "Gu et al.",
        "evidence_role": "Network control theory / human connectome",
        "tier": "F",
        "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4600713/",
        "boundary": "Linear structural model; clinical transfer limited"
      }
    ],
    "counter_caution": "Linear structural controllability is an approximation; behavioral reachability is not equivalent.",
    "fh_interpretation": "Use as mathematical vocabulary for reachability, never as proof that a person can be 'controlled'.",
    "numerical_lock_ids": null,
    "numerical_policy": "FORMAL TRANSFER — NO EMPIRICAL NUMBER",
    "allowed_numerical_language": "Controllability may be used as formal reachability/control-energy language only.",
    "prohibited_numerical_leap": "No claim that a particular person has measurable 'X% controllability' or a therapeutic control-energy prescription."
  },
  {
    "claim_id": "C11",
    "claim": "Repeated fast relational events may alter slower learned expectations and regulation capacities.",
    "claim_type": "Flow Hijacked synthesis",
    "confidence": "Hypothesis-level",
    "lecture_placement": "Parts VIII–IX",
    "gate": "HYPOTHESIS",
    "supporting_source_ids": "S003,S006,S007,S010,S011,S050,S051",
    "supporting_sources": [
      {
        "id": "S003",
        "title": "Sensitive periods in human social development",
        "authors": "Feldman",
        "evidence_role": "Developmental review",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/8B2635F5FD4CE2A029EAB653B5D0A212/S0954579415000048a.pdf",
        "boundary": "Sensitive period evidence not uniform"
      },
      {
        "id": "S006",
        "title": "Early Adverse Experiences and the Developing Brain",
        "authors": "Bick & Nelson",
        "evidence_role": "Review",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/npp2015252.pdf",
        "boundary": "Adversity is heterogeneous"
      },
      {
        "id": "S007",
        "title": "Early life stress and development: potential mechanisms for adverse outcomes",
        "authors": "Smith & Pollak",
        "evidence_role": "Review",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://jneurodevdisorders.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s11689-020-09337-y",
        "boundary": "Mechanisms vary across exposure type"
      },
      {
        "id": "S010",
        "title": "Modulation of the HPA Axis by Early Life Stress Exposure",
        "authors": "van Bodegom et al.",
        "evidence_role": "Review",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2017.00087/pdf",
        "boundary": "Mostly developmental/preclinical integration"
      },
      {
        "id": "S011",
        "title": "Annual Research Review: Early adversity, HPA axis, and child psychopathology",
        "authors": "Koss & Gunnar",
        "evidence_role": "Major review",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/jcpp.12784",
        "boundary": "Developmental moderators substantial"
      },
      {
        "id": "S050",
        "title": "Psychoneuroimmunology of Early-Life Stress",
        "authors": "Danese & Lewis",
        "evidence_role": "Review",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/npp2016198.pdf",
        "boundary": "Trauma types heterogeneous"
      },
      {
        "id": "S051",
        "title": "Biological embedding of childhood adversity",
        "authors": "Berens, Jensen, Nelson",
        "evidence_role": "Review",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12916-017-0895-4",
        "boundary": "Mechanistic triangulation needed"
      }
    ],
    "counter_caution": "Direct fast–slow identification at the person-relational level is incomplete.",
    "fh_interpretation": "Model fast x variables nested in slow z variables; repeated co-regulation can update z.",
    "numerical_lock_ids": null,
    "numerical_policy": "FLOW HIJACKED SYNTHESIS — NO EMPIRICAL NUMBER",
    "allowed_numerical_language": "Fast–slow relational updating is a multiscale synthesis; numbers require future direct parameter-identification studies.",
    "prohibited_numerical_leap": "No estimated ε, time constant, or slow-variable effect unless directly measured."
  },
  {
    "claim_id": "C12",
    "claim": "Borrowed Gain Geometry: another person may alter effective gain and accessible state space, not merely supply input.",
    "claim_type": "New hypothesis",
    "confidence": "Novel",
    "lecture_placement": "Part XV",
    "gate": "HYPOTHESIS",
    "supporting_source_ids": "S008,S017,S020,S029,S058,S059,S060,S061",
    "supporting_sources": [
      {
        "id": "S008",
        "title": "The role of oxytocin in social bonding, stress regulation and mental health",
        "authors": "Olff et al.",
        "evidence_role": "Major review",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306453013002369/pdf",
        "boundary": "Strong context dependence"
      },
      {
        "id": "S017",
        "title": "Inter-Brain Synchronization during Social Interaction",
        "authors": "Dumas et al.",
        "evidence_role": "Foundational hyperscanning experiment",
        "tier": "B",
        "source_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0012166&type=printable",
        "boundary": "Small early study; common-input concerns"
      },
      {
        "id": "S020",
        "title": "Synchrony in Psychotherapy: A Review and Integrative Framework",
        "authors": "Koole & Tschacher",
        "evidence_role": "Review",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00862/pdf",
        "boundary": "Synchrony meaning is context-sensitive"
      },
      {
        "id": "S029",
        "title": "The Neuroendocrinology of Social Isolation",
        "authors": "Cacioppo et al.",
        "evidence_role": "Major review",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-psych-010814-015240",
        "boundary": "Broad causal pathways"
      },
      {
        "id": "S058",
        "title": "Balanced Amplification: A New Mechanism of Selective Amplification of Neural Activity Patterns",
        "authors": "Murphy & Miller",
        "evidence_role": "Theoretical/computational neuroscience",
        "tier": "F",
        "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2667957/",
        "boundary": "Neural circuit model; not relational evidence"
      },
      {
        "id": "S059",
        "title": "Optimal control of transient dynamics in balanced networks supports generation of complex movements",
        "authors": "Hennequin, Vogels, Gerstner",
        "evidence_role": "Computational neuroscience",
        "tier": "F",
        "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6364799/",
        "boundary": "Motor-network model; formal transfer only"
      },
      {
        "id": "S060",
        "title": "Controllability of structural brain networks",
        "authors": "Gu et al.",
        "evidence_role": "Network control theory / human connectome",
        "tier": "F",
        "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4600713/",
        "boundary": "Linear structural model; clinical transfer limited"
      },
      {
        "id": "S061",
        "title": "Metastable dynamics of neural circuits and networks",
        "authors": "La Camera et al.",
        "evidence_role": "Major review",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8900181/",
        "boundary": "Mostly circuit-level evidence"
      }
    ],
    "counter_caution": "No direct study estimates a relational effective operator A_r or relational resolvent.",
    "fh_interpretation": "Formalize testable predictions rather than present as established fact.",
    "numerical_lock_ids": null,
    "numerical_policy": "NOVEL HYPOTHESIS — NO EMPIRICAL NUMBER",
    "allowed_numerical_language": "Borrowed Gain Geometry remains a testable Flow Hijacked hypothesis.",
    "prohibited_numerical_leap": "No measured A_r, relational resolvent norm, barrier height, or gain value may be reported."
  },
  {
    "claim_id": "C13",
    "claim": "The therapeutic alliance has a robust but not necessarily causal association with psychotherapy outcome.",
    "claim_type": "Supported interpretation",
    "confidence": "High",
    "lecture_placement": "Part XIV",
    "gate": "PASS",
    "supporting_source_ids": "S066,S067,S071",
    "supporting_sources": [
      {
        "id": "S066",
        "title": "The Alliance in Adult Psychotherapy: A Meta-Analytic Synthesis",
        "authors": "Wampold & Horvath",
        "evidence_role": "Meta-analysis; 295 studies / >30,000 patients",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://consensus.app/papers/details/95697853cfd75bf6a32a3fb6795568c5/?utm_source=chatgpt",
        "boundary": "Robust association does not by itself establish causality"
      },
      {
        "id": "S067",
        "title": "Examining therapist effects in the alliance-outcome relationship",
        "authors": "Horvath & Wampold",
        "evidence_role": "Multilevel meta-analysis",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://consensus.app/papers/details/b237a642bd1858bd82ba1778273f1c33/?utm_source=chatgpt",
        "boundary": "Moderator analysis remains observational"
      },
      {
        "id": "S071",
        "title": "Therapeutic alliance and treatment outcomes in teletherapy",
        "authors": "Aafjes-van Doorn et al.",
        "evidence_role": "Systematic review + meta-analysis",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://consensus.app/papers/details/25ceafbafd6e5d8d98265be61e548af3/?utm_source=chatgpt",
        "boundary": "Small effect and substantial heterogeneity"
      }
    ],
    "counter_caution": "Heterogeneity, reciprocal effects and therapist/client contributions complicate causal decomposition.",
    "fh_interpretation": "Treat alliance as a dynamic process variable and candidate mechanism, not a singular causal lever.",
    "numerical_lock_ids": "NL01,NL24",
    "numerical_policy": "NUMERIC ALLOWED",
    "allowed_numerical_language": "Alliance-outcome r=.278 [.256,.299] in the large synthesis; adjusted estimates across 60 samples remain r=.23-.31.",
    "prohibited_numerical_leap": "Do not convert correlation to causal treatment efficacy."
  },
  {
    "claim_id": "C14",
    "claim": "Alliance rupture is associated with poorer outcome, while resolved rupture is associated with better outcome.",
    "claim_type": "Supported interpretation",
    "confidence": "Moderate-High",
    "lecture_placement": "Part XIV",
    "gate": "PASS",
    "supporting_source_ids": "S069,S070",
    "supporting_sources": [
      {
        "id": "S069",
        "title": "Alliance Rupture Repair: A Meta-Analysis",
        "authors": "Eubanks et al.",
        "evidence_role": "Meta-analysis",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://consensus.app/papers/details/526010f234115dd395e38728e85fc5e7/?utm_source=chatgpt",
        "boundary": "Repair association stronger than evidence for training causality"
      },
      {
        "id": "S070",
        "title": "Alliance Ruptures and Psychotherapy Outcomes: A Multilevel Meta-Analysis",
        "authors": "Babl et al.",
        "evidence_role": "2026 meta-analysis",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://consensus.app/papers/details/ee5f4cb0ab0750e3ba7196802e3ae688/?utm_source=chatgpt",
        "boundary": "Only four publications; N=301"
      }
    ],
    "counter_caution": "Training/supervision effects are less secure than repair-outcome association.",
    "fh_interpretation": "Rupture-repair is a candidate relational transition process rather than proof of attractor revision.",
    "numerical_lock_ids": "NL02,NL03",
    "numerical_policy": "NUMERIC ALLOWED",
    "allowed_numerical_language": "Rupture repair: 11 studies, N=1,314, r=.29, d=.62, 95% CI [.10,.47]. Direct ruptures: 4 publications, N=301, r=-.21; z=-.22 [95% CI -.303,-.133].",
    "prohibited_numerical_leap": "Training to repair ruptures was not significant: r=.11, p=.28; do not imply proven training efficacy."
  },
  {
    "claim_id": "C15",
    "claim": "PTSD severity and social support are strongly linked, but the direction and causal dynamics are contested.",
    "claim_type": "Supported interpretation",
    "confidence": "High for association; moderate for direction",
    "lecture_placement": "Part XIII",
    "gate": "PASS WITH CONTRADICTION",
    "supporting_source_ids": "S074,S075,S076",
    "supporting_sources": [
      {
        "id": "S074",
        "title": "Social support and PTSD: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies",
        "authors": "Wang et al.",
        "evidence_role": "Longitudinal meta-analysis; 75 samples",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://consensus.app/papers/details/c0e226824ed9598fbd4fe219915e1f05/?utm_source=chatgpt",
        "boundary": "Cross-lag interpretation challenged by later re-analysis"
      },
      {
        "id": "S075",
        "title": "Moderators of social support and PTSD symptoms",
        "authors": "Zalta et al.",
        "evidence_role": "Meta-analysis",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://consensus.app/papers/details/f5814a1e41375791aefa0d06924fc96a/?utm_source=chatgpt",
        "boundary": "High heterogeneity"
      },
      {
        "id": "S076",
        "title": "Prospective associations between social support and PTSD may be spurious",
        "authors": "Sorjonen & Melin",
        "evidence_role": "Re-meta-analysis + simulation",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://consensus.app/papers/details/9d36541aca0356109c9df4aea1ebb5c1/?utm_source=chatgpt",
        "boundary": "Challenges prospective inference rather than cross-sectional association"
      }
    ],
    "counter_caution": "Cross-lag estimates may be sensitive to statistical specification and regression artifacts.",
    "fh_interpretation": "Use reciprocal-coupling language cautiously; robust association is firmer than directional causality.",
    "numerical_lock_ids": "NL04,NL05",
    "numerical_policy": "NUMERIC + MANDATORY CONTRADICTION",
    "allowed_numerical_language": "Wang et al.: 75 samples, N=32,402, 355 effect sizes; support→PTSD β=-.10 and PTSD→support β=-.09.",
    "prohibited_numerical_leap": "Directional causality must not be stated without simultaneously noting the 2023 re-meta-analysis/simulation challenge."
  },
  {
    "claim_id": "C16",
    "claim": "HRV is useful for cardiac autonomic research but cannot be treated as a direct readout of 'safety' or sympathovagal balance.",
    "claim_type": "Empirical/methodological result",
    "confidence": "High",
    "lecture_placement": "Parts IV/XV",
    "gate": "PASS",
    "supporting_source_ids": "S079,S080,S081,S082",
    "supporting_sources": [
      {
        "id": "S079",
        "title": "Heart Rate Variability and Cardiac Vagal Tone in Psychophysiological Research",
        "authors": "Laborde, Mosley, Thayer",
        "evidence_role": "Methods/recommendations review",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://consensus.app/papers/details/25b62a746a4e55349dd426f35cc5344a/?utm_source=chatgpt",
        "boundary": "HRV can be misconstrued; respiration/design/reporting matter"
      },
      {
        "id": "S080",
        "title": "Utility of low frequency HRV as an index of sympathetic cardiac tone",
        "authors": "Reyes del Paso et al. / review record",
        "evidence_role": "Critical review / reanalysis",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://consensus.app/papers/details/4e6110f14db05c50b0bc1cc160e337d4/?utm_source=chatgpt",
        "boundary": "LF and LF/HF are not specific sympathetic/balance indices"
      },
      {
        "id": "S081",
        "title": "Guidelines for Rigor and Reproducibility of Heart Rate Variability",
        "authors": "Carter et al.",
        "evidence_role": "2026 evidence-based guidelines",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://consensus.app/papers/details/b1acef8284785ea1b80349666e431476/?utm_source=chatgpt",
        "boundary": "HRV not a specific marker of sympathetic outflow or sympathovagal balance; vagal tone language requires caution"
      },
      {
        "id": "S082",
        "title": "Cardiac vagal recovery following acute psychological stress in adults",
        "authors": "Roddick et al.",
        "evidence_role": "Scoping review; 291 articles",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://consensus.app/papers/details/1cd1806dda425bb1b29331b08250ad41/?utm_source=chatgpt",
        "boundary": "Large methodological variation in timing/conditions"
      }
    ],
    "counter_caution": "Respiration, posture, age, fitness, device and analysis choices affect interpretation.",
    "fh_interpretation": "Use HRV as one state variable within a multivariate autonomic model.",
    "numerical_lock_ids": "NL16",
    "numerical_policy": "QUALITATIVE BOUNDARY",
    "allowed_numerical_language": "No single HRV threshold/effect is required. State that HRV is not a specific marker of sympathetic outflow or sympathovagal balance and 'vagal tone' requires caution.",
    "prohibited_numerical_leap": "No LF/HF='sympathovagal balance'; no HRV='felt safety meter'."
  },
  {
    "claim_id": "C17",
    "claim": "Polyvagal Theory contains influential clinical ideas but several foundational neuroanatomical/evolutionary claims are actively disputed.",
    "claim_type": "Supported interpretation",
    "confidence": "High",
    "lecture_placement": "Part XV",
    "gate": "PASS / CONTESTED",
    "supporting_source_ids": "S083,S084,S085",
    "supporting_sources": [
      {
        "id": "S083",
        "title": "Polyvagal Theory: Current Status, Clinical Applications, and Future Directions",
        "authors": "Porges",
        "evidence_role": "Proponent review",
        "tier": "B",
        "source_url": "https://consensus.app/papers/details/faea082477da51eeab85bc41b5ff4b00/?utm_source=chatgpt",
        "boundary": "Author-originated theory paper; not independent validation"
      },
      {
        "id": "S084",
        "title": "Why The Polyvagal Theory Is Untenable",
        "authors": "Grossman et al.",
        "evidence_role": "Multi-author critical appraisal",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://consensus.app/papers/details/e989d060ea1c507db22e035ee60e3398/?utm_source=chatgpt",
        "boundary": "Strong critique; should be read alongside proponent response/current account"
      },
      {
        "id": "S085",
        "title": "The Evolution of Sociality and the Polyvagal Theory",
        "authors": "Doody, Burghardt, Dinets",
        "evidence_role": "Evolutionary critique",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://consensus.app/papers/details/28a6039e9ffa57dbbad2c84c15cac916/?utm_source=chatgpt",
        "boundary": "Addresses evolutionary premise rather than all clinical claims"
      }
    ],
    "counter_caution": "Current literature contains direct disagreement among experts.",
    "fh_interpretation": "Do not use PVT as mechanistic backbone; separate validated autonomic facts from theory-specific claims.",
    "numerical_lock_ids": "NL17",
    "numerical_policy": "QUALITATIVE/CONTESTED",
    "allowed_numerical_language": "The 2026 critique invited 39 experts and reports all but one accepted/coauthored; use only to document the scale and nature of the dispute, not as a vote-count proof.",
    "prohibited_numerical_leap": "Do not present author count as an effect size or proof by authority."
  },
  {
    "claim_id": "C18",
    "claim": "Human oxytocin findings are heterogeneous and do not support a simple social-bonding hormone model.",
    "claim_type": "Supported interpretation",
    "confidence": "High",
    "lecture_placement": "Part V",
    "gate": "PASS",
    "supporting_source_ids": "S086,S087,S088,S089",
    "supporting_sources": [
      {
        "id": "S086",
        "title": "Endogenous Oxytocin and Human Social Interactions",
        "authors": "Burenkova et al.",
        "evidence_role": "Systematic review + meta-analysis",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://consensus.app/papers/details/c3443f2b16a2517eb2775a33bf70ce93/?utm_source=chatgpt",
        "boundary": "Causal designs did not show expected overall hormonal response; assays/methods heterogeneous"
      },
      {
        "id": "S087",
        "title": "Oxytocin and brain activity in humans",
        "authors": "Grace et al.",
        "evidence_role": "Systematic review + coordinate meta-analysis",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://consensus.app/papers/details/e6e4c27e80305016bc258d764999c295/?utm_source=chatgpt",
        "boundary": "Effects heterogeneous across tasks and regions"
      },
      {
        "id": "S088",
        "title": "Exogenous effects of oxytocin in five psychiatric disorders",
        "authors": "Peled-Avron, Abu-Akel, Shamay-Tsoory",
        "evidence_role": "Systematic review + meta-analysis",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://consensus.app/papers/details/95cee9f2142c5255979d14971fb1c41b/?utm_source=chatgpt",
        "boundary": "Small/variable clinical effects"
      },
      {
        "id": "S089",
        "title": "Developmental programming of oxytocin through early-life stress",
        "authors": "Ellis et al.",
        "evidence_role": "Four meta-analyses",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://consensus.app/papers/details/df5d51ced75e57619d2d5245e46bbe5d/?utm_source=chatgpt",
        "boundary": "Effect sizes small; clinical samples inconsistent"
      }
    ],
    "counter_caution": "Assay, context, sex, development and clinical status moderate findings.",
    "fh_interpretation": "Model OXT as one context-sensitive neuromodulatory parameter among several.",
    "numerical_lock_ids": "NL13",
    "numerical_policy": "NUMERIC ALLOWED",
    "allowed_numerical_language": "Oxytocin evidence may use the locked n=3,741 / 51-study pooled corpus and the small/heterogeneous effects in NL13.",
    "prohibited_numerical_leap": "No universal prosocial or bonding effect."
  },
  {
    "claim_id": "C19",
    "claim": "Attachment security/insecurity is systematically related to emotion-regulation patterns across development and adulthood.",
    "claim_type": "Supported interpretation",
    "confidence": "High",
    "lecture_placement": "Parts II–III/IX",
    "gate": "PASS",
    "supporting_source_ids": "S090,S091,S092,S093",
    "supporting_sources": [
      {
        "id": "S090",
        "title": "The relationship between adult attachment and mental health",
        "authors": "Zhang et al.",
        "evidence_role": "Meta-analysis; 224 studies",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://consensus.app/papers/details/2ce8543b05a857bba7e4fe99f4b90d3c/?utm_source=chatgpt",
        "boundary": "Association not causal destiny; moderators present"
      },
      {
        "id": "S091",
        "title": "Attachment-Related Differences in Emotion Regulation in Adults",
        "authors": "Eilert & Buchheim",
        "evidence_role": "Systematic review; 37 studies",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://consensus.app/papers/details/110044b6a7915cc7973294b948da18ee/?utm_source=chatgpt",
        "boundary": "Limited preoccupied-attachment evidence"
      },
      {
        "id": "S092",
        "title": "Parent-child attachment and children's experience and regulation of emotion",
        "authors": "Cooke et al.",
        "evidence_role": "Meta-analytic review",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://consensus.app/papers/details/19710fcc990c5daf975082a21304448f/?utm_source=chatgpt",
        "boundary": "Does not establish direct mechanism"
      },
      {
        "id": "S093",
        "title": "Parent–Child Attachment and Dynamic Emotion Regulation",
        "authors": "Obeldobel, Brumariu, Kerns",
        "evidence_role": "Systematic review",
        "tier": "A",
        "source_url": "https://consensus.app/papers/details/4c8e03eaab8e5735aa1bf3d4f782aea1/?utm_source=chatgpt",
        "boundary": "Only 15 studies; dynamic measurement still limited"
      }
    ],
    "counter_caution": "Measurement frameworks differ and direction of causality remains incompletely identified.",
    "fh_interpretation": "Use attachment as slow regulatory history/priors, not immutable type.",
    "numerical_lock_ids": "NL06,NL07,NL08",
    "numerical_policy": "NUMERIC/COUNTS ALLOWED",
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        "boundary": "Context can flip association with outcomes"
      }
    ],
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    "fh_interpretation": "FH should model coupling matrices and regimes, not a scalar 'synchrony score'.",
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    ],
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        "boundary": "Single-study evidence; interpretation of 'plasticity' requires caution"
      }
    ],
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    "supporting_sources": [
      {
        "id": "S102-S111"
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    ],
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    ],
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        "boundary": "Residual confounding and heterogeneity"
      }
    ],
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    "supporting_sources": [
      {
        "id": "S122-S130"
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    ],
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    ],
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    "lecture_placement": "Part XIII",
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    "supporting_sources": [
      {
        "id": "S144-S151"
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      {
        "id": "S117-S121"
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    ],
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]